摘  要：众所周知，人们的生存与发展离不开环境与能源，动力电池已经成为新能源的代表作。为了满足市场广泛的应用需求，动力电池一般采用多个单体电池串联成组来使用，在批量的生产过程中，各个单体电池的制造工艺大致相同，但电池电压和内阻等并不全部相同，同种工作环境下电池的温度也有些许不同，且各单体电池的初始容量也不尽相同，这种存在差异的性能会在充放电的过程中持续増大，并且最终致使动力电池的总体性能显著下降，大大缩短了循环使用的寿命。由动力电池驱动的电动车的关键技术是充电。因此，对电动车的使用性能产生决定性影响的因素最主要的就是一个优良的充电系统。

本设计主要通过介绍锂电池的发展历程及应用然后确定以锂离子电池为模型，由于单片机的成本较低，电路便于设计，因而本设计采用51单片机控制电路，其能满足各种复杂的充电系统的要求，进而能提高电池的使用寿命，具有可观的发展前景。

该论文有图17幅，表6个，参考文献29篇。

关键词：充电系统  单片机  锂离子电池

Power Battery Charging System Design

Abstract：As we all know, people's survival and development can not be separated from the environment and energy, power battery has become a representative of new energy. In order to meet the needs of a wide range of applications in the market, power batteries generally use a plurality of single cells in series to use. In a batch production process, the manufacturing process of each single cell is approximately the same, but the battery voltage and internal resistance are not all In the same way, the temperature of the battery under the same working environment is also slightly different, and the initial capacity of each battery cell is also not the same. This difference in performance will continue to increase during the charging and discharging process, and eventually leads to the overall power battery. Significantly reduced performance, greatly reducing the life cycle. The key technology for electric vehicles powered by power batteries is charging. Therefore, the most important factor that has a decisive influence on the use performance of electric vehicles is an excellent charging system.

This design mainly introduces the lithium battery's development history and application and then determines the lithium-ion battery as a model. Because the cost of the single-chip microcomputer is low and the circuit is easy to design, this design adopts a 51-bit microcomputer control circuit, which can satisfy various complicated charging systems. The requirements, in turn, can increase the service life of the battery and have considerable development prospects.

The paper has 17 figures, 6 tables and 29 references.

Key Words: Charging system  Single-chip Microcomputer  Lithium Ion Battery

目录

摘  要 I

Abstract II

目录 III

图清单 V

表清单 VI

1 绪论 1

1.1课题的研究及意义 1

1.2纯电动汽车的发展 1

1.3 纯电动汽车的优点及困境 2

1.4 充电方法研究现状 2

1.5 电动车动力电池的比较和选择 3

1.6 本设计的主要内容 3

2 锂离子电动车的充电原理 5

2.1锂电池介绍 5

2.2锂电池的特点和对其充电器的要求 5

2.3传统的锂电池充电器的不足 6

2.4基于单片机的智能充电控制器的优点 6

2.5锂离子动力电池结构特性 6

2.6锂离子动力电池的充电模式 7

2.7锂离子动力电池的主要参数 7

2.8小结 7

3 基于锂离子动力电池充电系统的硬件设计 9

3.1充电系统的设计原理 9

3.2主电路设计 9

3.3控制电路的设计 12

3.4小结 20

4锂离子动力电池充电系统的软件设计 21

4.1 程序设计 21