摘  要：在科学技术与时俱进的今天，现代机械工程应用对于无刷直流电机控制系统的运算速度、反馈速度、精度以及可靠性的要求日益提高，其调速控制系统成为了人们当前密切关注的问题。无刷直流电机调速系统发展至今，市面也出现了许多种不同的调速系统，但这些系统始终存在着各种大大小小的缺陷，于是一个性能优良、能满足各种需求、操作简单的调速系统成为了一个亟待解决的技术问题。

本文首先研究比较了两种工程上应用最为普遍的无刷直流电机调速系统，即以单片机为核心的调速系统和以数字信号处理器为核心的调速系统，同时指明了它们的不足之处。为了弥补以上两种系统的缺陷，本设计提出了另一种调速系统方案，即基于FPGA的无刷直流电机调速系统。

该方案的基本思路是利用FPGA芯片对外部电路进行调控，根据霍尔传感器和其他功能芯片反馈的信号，再通过设定的初值以及PWM技术对无刷直流电机的转速进行控制，其中PWM调速程序和换相程序采用Quartus II中的Verilog HDL硬件描述语言和原理图实现，从而完成整个系统的调速功能。

本文提出的调速系统方案与前面提到的MCU和DSP两种调速系统相比优势之处在于：该系统结构精简，操作起来更加容易；该系统控制精度高，能够被精度要求较高的领域所用；该系统通信能力强，可以实现电机与上位机之间的实时响应；该系统运行时稳定可靠，外界对其妨碍影响较小。除此之外，相比与单片机和DSP这两种调速系统，FPGA的性价比也很高。

最后，本设计通过软件Quartus II的仿真调试，最终出现的仿真波形与预期的结果相同，以此验证了本设计方案的正确性与可行性。

该论文有图27幅，表0个，参考文献20篇。

关键词：现场可编程门阵列  无刷直流电机  脉宽调制  调速系统  

Brushless DC Motor Speed Control System Design Based on FPGA

Abstract：Today, science and technology keep pace with the times, the modern mechanical engineering applications for brushless DC motor control system requirements are increasing, especially in terms of speed, feedback speed, accuracy and reliability. Its speed control system has become a close concern of the people now. With the development of brushless DC motor speed control system, the market also appeared many different kinds of speed regulation system, but these systems always exist in a variety of defects, so a speed control system which has a good performance, and can satisfy the various needs of the speed control, simple operation, has become a technical problem to be solved.

This paper studies the comparison of the two most common adopted in engineering of brushless dc motor speed control system. They are the speed control system which based on the microcontroller as the core of and based on digital signal processor as the core of speed control system, and also pointed out their disadvantages. In order to make up for the defect of the above two systems, this design puts forward another kind of speed control system scheme,which is the brushless DC motor speed control system based on FPGA.

The basic idea of this program is to use FPGA chip to control the external circuit. According to the Hall sensor and other functional chip feedback signal, and then set the initial value and PWM technology, the system can achieve the brushless DC motor speed control. PWM speed control program and the commutation process use Verilog and Schematic diagram in the Quartus II, so as to complete the speed adjustment of the whole system.

This paper presents the speed control system program compared to the previously mentioned MCU and DSP two speed control system, it has many advantages. Such as, the system is compact in structure and easy to operate. The system has high control accuracy, which can be used to control the high precision of the occasion. Its communication capability is strong, the system can realize real-time response between the motor and the upper machine; The system is running stable and reliable, outside the obstruction of a smaller effect. In addition, compared with the two kinds of speed regulation system with single-chip microcomputer and DSP, FPGA has a higher price.