提出了一种针对压阻式加速度传感器的采样电路,其包括了放大、滤波、采样、存储、电平转换等几部分,能够快速完成10位的ADC采样和模数转换。
摘要:高g值加速度传感器相比于传统的传感器,具有响应快、频率高、测量范围广的特点,因此其采样电路也必须具有较大的频带宽度,能够处理高频信号,并快速完成采样和存储过程。本课题针对冲击测试中的高g值条件下的加速度测试,采用数字电路、模拟电路、信号处理的方法,以压阻式加速度传感器敏感头作为前端,建立模型,设计出相应的采样电路原理图,通过电磁仿真,考核电路性能,使其能够实现对数据的采样,保持,存储,转换过程,利用相关布板知识,在原理图的基础上完成PCB板的制作。同时根据电路,设计了相关采样和存储程序程序,并简要提出某种抗冲击结构,能够保护电路在高g值条件下正常工作。该采样电路频率高,带宽广,具有快速的模数转换功能和大容量存储器,满足高g值加速度传感器的采样要求。
关键词 高g值 采样电路 PCB设计 抗冲击结构
毕业设计说明书外文摘要
Title Design of The High-g Accelerometer Signal Sampling Circuit
Abstract:Comparing to the traditional sensor, the High-g acceleration sensor has the trait of fast response, high frequency, wide measurement range.Thus the sampling circuit must also have a larger bandwidth, which can handle high-frequency signals, and quickly complete the sampling and storage process. In this paper, we focus on the acceleration test under the high g value in the impact test. Using the digital circuit, the analog circuit and the signal processing method, as the front end of the piezoresistive acceleration sensor, the model is designed to design the corresponding sampling circuit. Through the electromagnetic simulation, assessment of circuit performance, so that it can achieve the data sampling, maintenance, storage, conversion process, the use of the relevant layout knowledge, based on the schematic diagram to complete the PCB board production. At the same time, according to the circuit, the design of the relevant sampling and storage procedures, and briefly put forward some kind of impact structure, to protect the circuit in the high g value of the normal work. The sampling circuit is high frequency, large bandwidth, with fast analog-to-digital conversion function and high-capacity memory to meet the high g value of the acceleration sensor sampling requirements.
Keywords High-g; Sampling circuit; PCB design; Impact resistance
目 次
1 引言 1
2 加速度传感器动态特性基本分析 2
2.1 压阻式加速度传感器的力学模型 2
2.2 压阻式加速度传感器的电桥电路 3
3 采样电路基本分析 5
4 采样电路原理图设计 6
4.1元器件的选型 6
4.2各功能模块的实现 10
4.3采样电路的整体结构 17
4.4 抗高g值冲击外壳设计18
5 采样电路PCB设计 19
5.1芯片的封装19
5.2 PCB布局设置 19
5.3 PCB总体设计 22
6 程序设计24
6.1 单通道采样程序设计 24
6.2 存储器程序设计28
结论 32
致谢 33
参考文献34
1 引言
航空、航天、制导与弹药引信等研究中需要大量的振动和冲击测试,这些测试都迫切需求高g值加速度计[1]来实现。最初的加速度传感器[2]为增加测量范围,多采用弹簧式机械体,占用体积,处理速度慢,精度不符合要求,特别是在某些高要求得自动化的电子系统中,读出电路过差,使得系统可靠性大大降低[3-4]。同时,在高过载的情况下,传感器的采样电路需要有良好的抗冲击性能,这需要设计出相应的抗冲击结构与信号处理电路相结合,以满足在高加速度情况下的工作需求。