本设计是为龙瑞大厦(下层部分)设计一套完整的空调通风系统方案,主要涉及了大厦下层部分的负荷计算、风系统设计、水系统设计、制冷机房设计以及防排烟系统设计等。
设计总说明:本设计为龙瑞大厦(下层部分)的空调系统设计。该大厦是一个集餐饮、办公、客房等于一体的综合性大厦,建筑一共二十四层,建筑面积为26745.09m²。本人负责的是大厦下层部分,即地下二层至地上六层。其中地下一至二层是车库,一至三层主要是大厅、餐厅与多功能厅,四至六层主要是包间与办公室。
本设计从长远角度出发,以节能高效为原则,在比较方案后,根据各房间的规模与功能的不同采用相对应的空调系统。建筑一至三层均为面积较大、层高较高的房间,且显热负荷变动偏大,所以采用全空气系统中的变风量系统,通过空气处理机组处理新风与回风,然后送入房间。为安装方便、减少安装空间,均采用吊顶式空气处理机组,并按照负荷计算得出的送风量与制冷量进行选型。为达到合理的气流分布以满足房间空气质量要求,系统采用上送上回的方式,以方形散流器为送风口,以单层百叶窗为回风口,并按照各房间的风速、风量要求布置风口与风管。
建筑四至六层的房间均为包间、办公室,房间较多且相对偏小,各个房间要求单独调节温度与风量,使用较为灵活,所以采用风机盘管与独立新风相结合的半集中式系统。新风通过新风机组处理后直接送入室内,而风机盘管对回风处理后与新风在室内空间进行混合,从而达到送风状态点,最终达到室内状态点。利用焓湿图与负荷计算得出风机盘管应处理的风量以及处理风量所需的冷量,从而对风机盘管进行选型。同样的,在计算出新风量与新风机组处理新风所需的冷量后,可选择对应的新风机组。最后选用方形散流器为送风口,并根据房间风速与风量要求布置风口与风管。综合多方面因素考虑,水系统采用双管制系统,立管采用异程式,既满足了大楼需求,又减少了投资。
经比较各类冷水机组的优缺点,本设计采用水冷螺杆式冷水机组,根据大厦的总冷负荷选择型号为LSLG-110WS的机组;然后通过冷水机组的技术参数,可求得冷却塔水流量从而进行选型,最终选择型号为TYN-100的冷却塔;再通过计算水泵流量与扬程确定冷却水泵与冷冻水泵型号,分别为ISG125-250A和ISG125-315B;最后确定膨胀水箱与分集水器的规格参数。
此外,为避免火灾发生时大量烟气造成人员伤亡,本建筑还设计了防排烟系统。在每层楼的楼梯间与电梯前室采取加压防烟措施,于机房安装一台排烟风机;在地下车库采用机械排烟措施,每层安装一台排烟风机,并通过各区域的排烟风量选用适合的排烟风机。
空调系统在控制室内环境与空气质量的同时,不可避免地会产生噪音,当噪音达到一定值后会对一些特殊房间的使用功能、室内人员的工作环境乃至健康造成影响。为防止此类情况发生,在系统设备、风口和管路等构件处采取消声设计。而机房作为空调系统主要的噪声来源,需对其进行严格控制,如采用隔振材料或配件,以防止设备运动时产生大幅振动波及到其他房间,同时防止因振动引起的管道、楼板等振动造成的危害。
General Description of Design
This design is designed for the air-conditioning system in the lower part of the Longrui mansion. The building is a comprehensive building integrating catering, office and guest rooms. The building has a total of 24 floors and a building area of 26745.09㎡ squared. I'm responsible for the lower part of the building, which includes the second floor underground to the sixth floor on the ground. The two layers underground are garages, first to third floor are the hall, a restaurant and a multi-function hall, and forth to sixth floor are private rooms and offices.
In the long run, to the principle of energy conservation and high efficiency, fter comparing schemes, corresponding air-conditioning systems are adopted depending on the size and function of each room. The first to the third floor of the building includes rooms with large area, high story height and big change of the sensible heat load, so VAV system of all-air system is adopted. Fresh air and return air will be send into rooms after dealt by air-handling units. For the convenience of installation and reduction of installation space, the ceiling type air-handling unit is adopted, and the model can be selected according the load calculation of air output and cooling capacity. To achieve a reasonable air distribution in order to satisfy the requirement of room air quality, the system adopts WG-FK-FS serving as the air supply grille and single shutter inlet serving as the air return grille. Air grilles and air ducts are laid out according to the wind speed and air volume requirements of each room.