摘要：埋弧焊自动焊是一种电弧在焊剂层下燃烧的高效焊接方法。在焊接过程中电弧受到了焊剂的保护，焊接过程稳定、焊缝质量好、焊接过程无弧光污染，而且埋弧焊自动化程度高，生产效率高。因此广泛应用于船舶、重型机械、压力容器、钢结构、桥梁制造等行业，尤其在中厚板、长焊缝焊接时，埋弧自动焊有着明显的优越性。

20世纪80年代以来，随着我国现代工业的迅速发展，对中厚钢板、厚钢板的焊接需求量急剧增大。在对大厚度板材进行焊接时，通常需要按照规范开一定尺寸的坡口，再使用埋弧焊进行多层多道焊。减少焊接坡口角度，不仅可以节约焊材、节省焊接生产成本，还可以降低焊接过程中焊接热输入对母材的影响，提高焊接接头的质量。因此，研究推广小坡口埋弧焊技术对节能环保、提高焊接质量以及节省生产成本有着重要意义。

小坡口埋弧焊对焊接设备和焊接工艺有着特殊的要求：采用交流电源、引弧方式为高频引弧、焊剂必须具备良好的焊接工艺性能特别是优异的脱渣性。在本次试验研究过程中，对测量焊剂脱渣性的落球试验机进行了改进，并通过落球试验较为精准地测出各焊剂小样的脱渣率。本文以Q235B钢板为实验材料，通过一系列试验初步确定了小坡口埋弧焊的焊接工艺,并研究了碱氟型烧结焊剂中各组分对焊剂焊接工艺性能的影响。

关键词：埋弧焊；小坡口；焊接工艺；脱渣性

Abstract：Submerged arc welding is an efficient welding method that burns under the flux layer . In the welding process, the arc is protected by flux, the welding process is stable, the weld quality is good, the welding process is free of arc pollution, and the arc welding automation level is high and the production efficiency is high. Widely used in ships, heavy machinery, pressure vessels, steel structures, bridges and other manufacturing, especially in the thick plate, long welded seam welding, submerged arc welding has obvious advantages.

 Since 1980s, with the rapid development of modern industry in China, the demand for welding of medium and heavy plate and thick steel plate has been increasing rapidly. In the welding of large thickness plates, a groove of a certain size is usually required according to specifications, and then submerged arc welding is used to carry out multilayer welding. Reduce welding groove angle, welding materials, welding can not only save production cost, but also can reduce the influence of welding heat input on the base material in the welding process, improve the quality of the welding joint. Therefore, the research and popularization of small groove submerged arc welding technology is of great significance for energy saving, environmental protection, welding quality improvement and production cost saving.

 Small groove submerged arc welding has special requirements for welding equipment and welding process. AC power supply and arc ignition mode are high frequency arc welding, welding flux must have good welding performance, especially excellent slag removal. In the study process, to improve the measurement of the solder ball test machine falls detachability, and through ball test more accurately measure the flux of small slag removing rate based on the Q235B plate as the experimental material, through a series of tests to determine the initial small groove welding process, and research the influence of the different alkali sintered flux in the process of welding flux.

Keywords：Submerged arc welding; Small groove;Welding procedure;Slag detachabilit

目录

第一章绪论 1

1.1项目背景及研究意义 1

1.2埋弧焊工艺概述 2

1.2.1埋弧焊过程及原理 2

1.2.2埋弧焊在制造业各领域的应用 3

1.2.3埋弧焊工艺基础 4

1.3烧结焊剂的特点及国内外研究现状 5