摘要：当今社会，经济飞速发展，被称作“工业维生素”的稀土，飞速发展的情况指日可待。但是，在稀土行业给工业界带来巨大的经济效益的同时带来了大量废渣，然而缺失对稀土中和渣中放射性元素减量的方法。在世界各国皆相当关注环境问题的今天，如何减少稀土中和渣中放射性元素将成为稀土行业中重要的参考因素。

本课题通过煅烧包固化处理研究了稀土中和渣减放能力。

第二章通过对比煅烧前后稀土中和渣放射性比活度判定单独煅烧稀土中和渣并不会减放，相反比活度大大增强

第三章研究了四种材料做包固化反应煅烧稀土中和渣的减放能力，结果二氧化硅最强，柠檬酸钠/聚乙二醇也有减放能力，而硅藻土并无。所以下一章节着重研究二氧化硅的减放能力。

第四章着重针对二氧化硅与稀土中和渣的减放能力做了实验，通过多组分对比发现二氧化硅浓度越高包固化反应效果越好，减放能力也就越强，但是工业化成本和去除效率也是很重要的考虑范畴，所以最终还是要寻求一个折中的最佳配比。

关键词  稀土中和渣  煅烧  玻璃固化  二氧化硅  放射性比活度

毕业设计说明书外文摘要

Title    Decrement Technology Research on Radioactive Elements from   Rare Earth Neutralization Slags                                              

Abstract：With the development of social economy, rare earth,so-called "industrial vitamin", will usher in the rapid development of opportunities. However, compared to its economic benefits, there is no corresponding clean reduction method to deal with the industrial waste residue which comes from the rare earth industry, especially rare earth neutralization slags. In the face of increasingly serious environmental problems, how to remove the radioactive elements in rare earth neutralization slags will be the key factor to restrict the economic development of the rare earth industry.

In this paper, the reducing capacity of rare earth and slag was studied by calcination.

In the second chapter, it is concluded that the calcined rare earth neutralized slag is not reduced by comparing the radioactivity specific activity of the rare earth neutralized slag before and after calcination. The opposite activity is greatly enhanced.

In the third chapter, the four kinds of materials were studied. The results showed that the silica was the strongest, and the capacity of sodium citrate was higher than that of diatomaceous earth. So the next chapter focuses on reducing the capacity of silicon dioxide.

The fourth chapter focuses on the ability of silica and rare earth neutralization slag to do the experiment, through the multi-component comparison found that the higher the concentration of silica, the better the effect of curing reaction, the greater the ability to reduce the capacity, but the industrialization Cost and removal efficiency is also very important to consider the scope, so eventually to find a compromise the best match.

Keywords  rare earth neutralization slags  calcination  glass solidification  preparation of colloid  specific activity

目   录

1  绪论 1

1.1  稀土元素概述 1

1.2  稀土中和渣概述 3

1.3  稀土中和渣处置方法 4

1.4  研究目的与意义 6

2  中和渣高温煅烧处理研究 8

2.1  基本原理 8

2.2  实验仪器与试剂 8

2.3  实验步骤 10

2.4  实验数据及分析 11

2.5  本章小结 12

3  中和渣混合固相煅烧处理方法研究 13

3.1  固相燃烧法基本原理 13

3.2  实验仪器与试剂 13

3.3  实验方法与步骤 13