摘要：在中国每年因火灾所引起的人员伤亡事故和导致的财产损失的数量非常多。火灾的频发也让社会各界对消防安全问题引起重视，火灾时对灾情的实时监测和检测是非常有必要的，所以我们必须增加对火灾的实时监测。如果人们能够及时且准确地探测到火灾的发生，并且能够在迅速掌控当前的火势，那么就能够在一定程度上极大地减轻灾情发生时所造成的人员伤亡和财产物质损失。 就目前科技发展状况而言，能够检测到火灾的手段已经有很多非常成熟。 就传统火灾而言，人们可以使用粒子传感技术来观察和感应火灾现场的实时温度，内部气体情况，烟雾浓度和光线参数的改变。但是粒子传感器还是存在一定的局限性的，它的使用范围不够广，并且极易被外界的情况所左右，准确性不高。几年来，随着技术的不断更新发展，一些火灾探测技术被更加严谨地探索，其中研究和探讨最为火热的技术非以图像处理技术为基础的火灾探测技术莫属。当然想要在人民生活和社会发展中被普及化还是需要一个比较漫长的过程，还是必须解决一些技术上的比较困难的问题。而这个问题的来源主要是因为图像提取需要采集的特征比较多，算法方面也相对比较繁琐。虽然准确性相较于其他火灾检测系统更加精确，但是由于延长测试时间问题，该技术还是比较难运用于日常生活中。本篇论文主要分析方向是让火灾中的明火图像特征被系统检测出来，从而改进完善火灾监测系统的各方面特征，增强检测的稳定性，实时监测能力。

关键词：视觉图像识别;火焰识别;图像处理

Preliminary design of fire visual identification system

Abstract：In China, casualties and property losses each year due to a fire caused by a very large number. The frequent fires also cause the community to pay attention to fire safety issues. It is necessary to monitor and detect the disasters in real time during the fire. So we must increase the timeliness of fire monitoring. If people can detect the occurrence of a fire in a timely and accurate manner, and can control the fire in the limitest time, then to a certain extent, it can significantly reduce the number of deaths and property losses caused by disasters to a certain extent. In terms of the current state of science and technology, there are many very mature means for detecting fires. In comparison with traditional fire conditions, particle sensing technology can be used to observe and sense real-time temperature, smoke concentrations, and changes in light parameters at the fire site. However, the particle sensor still has some limitations. Its scope of use is not wide enough, it is relatively easy to be interfered by the external environment, and the accuracy is not high. In recent years, with the continuous development and upgrading of technology, some fire detection technologies have been more rigorously explored. Among them, the most fiery technologies are non-image-based fire detection technologies. Of course, based on the complexity of the current system of identifying fires through image processing technology, it is still a long process to be popularized in people's lives and social development.

KeyWords：Visual image recognition；Flame recognition；Digital image processing

目  录

1 绪论 7

1.1前言 7

1.2  火灾识别的研究现状 8

1.2.1  国内外传统火灾探测器检测方法 8

1.2.2 国内外基于火灾视觉识别系统的方法 8

1.3本课题的研究意义 10

1.4本课题的主要内容与章节安排 10

2 火灾图像特征分析与系统整体结构和功能 12

2.1  系统整体结构和功能 12

2.2  数字图像处理概述 13

2.3  火灾图像的特征 14

2.3.1  火焰的颜色特征 14

2.3.2  火焰的边缘变化规律 15