摘要：社会的高速发展带动着人口的提升和经济的飞速进步，使得资源的开采越来越频繁，其中包括对于以往常规的自然资源，这些使得人类正面临着资源严重匮乏和生态环境污染的局面。因此需要积极寻找和开发新的、清洁、安全可靠的可再生能源。太阳能具有安全系数高，不存在环境污染以及几乎无限再生的优点，应用与研发相对较为成熟。其中光伏电池成为发展新能源的关键，当光照条件一样的情况下，光伏电池转换效率越高，太阳的光能经过技术转换成为电能储备的就越多，获得的资源就越多，所以如何提高光伏电池转换效率成为目前面临的研究的难题。国家的许多政策支持，促进了各企业和研究所的发展，光伏技术与其相对应的具体应用水平持续提升，其适用面与前景也极为广阔。

针对光伏电池巨大的市场前景下，光伏电池转换效率低的问题阻碍了市场进程。基于这一难题，本文主要设计出两种提高光伏电池转换效率的方法，第一种是通过机械组装再加以两个反射镜使得光伏电池入射光线可以在其内部得到重复吸收并转化能量；另外一种是通过叠层方法使得光伏电池在不同材料的选取及叠加上大胆创新 ，这样可以充分利用宽广波长范围内的太阳光能量，进而匹配到最好禁带宽度材料来吸收不同波段的太阳光，提高光伏电池的转换效率。

关键词: 太阳能；光伏电池；转换效率

Design of photovoltaic cells with wide spectrum absorption

Abstract:The rapid development of society drives the increase of population and the rapid progress of the economy, making the exploitation of resources more and more frequent, including the conventional natural resources, which make humans face serious shortage of resources and pollution of the ecological environment.  Therefore, it is necessary to actively seek out and develop new, clean, safe and reliable renewable energy sources.  Solar energy has the advantages of high safety factor, no environmental pollution, and almost unlimited regeneration. Applications and R&D are relatively mature.  Among them, photovoltaic cells have become the key to the development of new energy sources. When the lighting conditions are the same, the higher the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells, the more the sun’s light energy undergoes technological conversion into electrical energy reserves, and the more resources are acquired, so how to improve Photovoltaic cell conversion efficiency has become a difficult problem currently facing research.  Many of the country's policy support has promoted the development of various companies and institutes. Photovoltaic technology and its corresponding specific application levels have continued to increase, and its application and prospects are also extremely broad.

For the huge market prospect of photovoltaic cells, the problem of low conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells hinders the market process.  Based on this problem, this paper mainly designs two methods to improve the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells. The first is to add two reflectors through mechanical assembly so that the incident light of the photovoltaic cell can be repeatedly absorbed and converted into energy in its interior; It is through the stacking method that photovoltaic cells are boldly innovative in the selection and stacking of different materials. This can make full use of the solar energy in a wide range of wavelengths, and then match the best bandgap materials to absorb different wavelengths of sunlight. Improve the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells.

Keywords: solar energy；photovoltaic cells；conversion efficiency

目录

摘要 i

Abstract ii

目录 iii

1 绪论 1

1.1 课题背景 1

1.2 国内外太阳能光伏发电产业现状及趋势 2

1.3 太阳能光伏发电的优缺点 2