摘要：自21世纪以来，中国工业迅猛发展，越来越多的重金属离子被排放到与我们息息相关的水环境当中，这在很大程度上影响了我们的生活质量与人生安全。而石墨烯因为其独特的二维结构，非常大的比表面积，所以石墨烯的吸附性能也非常优异。本文选择用石墨烯对重金属锰离子进行吸附，探究其吸附效果。

本篇论文通过改良的Hummers方法制备石墨烯，并通过扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪和拉曼光谱仪对实验过程中的氧化石墨烯与石墨烯进行结构表征，发现通过氧化还原得到的石墨烯呈絮状，表面有很多褶皱，并且经过XRD检测发现氧化石墨烯在9°左右出现衍射峰，说明石墨片层之间的化学键遭到破坏。氧化石墨烯还原成石墨烯时，在26°处重新出现衍射峰，但是衍射强度变小，这一点表明石墨片层之间的距离变大。最后，我们利用紫外可见近红外光分光光度计来研究不同时间条件下和不同氢离子浓度下石墨烯对锰离子的吸附效果，发现石墨烯在中性条件下对锰离子的吸附效果非常好，5min后吸附就达到平衡，并且锰离子去除率达到83%以上。在另一组实验中，氢离子浓度对石墨烯的吸附影响较大，在氢离子浓度大约为0.1mol/L到0.0001mol/L这一范围内，锰离子的去除率随着氢离子浓度的降低而升高。这些特点都对石墨烯在污水领域的处理有着重要的作用。

关键词：锰离子；石墨烯；Hummers方法；吸附

Abstract：Since the 21st century, the rapid development of Chinese industry, more and more heavy metal ions are discharged into the water environment associated with us, which largely affected our quality of life and life safety. And graphene because of its unique two-dimensional structure, very large specific surface area, so graphene adsorption performance is also very good. In this paper, the adsorption of heavy metal manganese ions by graphene was selected to explore its adsorption effect.

   In this paper, graphene was prepared by modified Hummers method. The graphene and graphene were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the gravimetric Graphene was flocculent, the surface has many folds, and after XRD detection found that graphene in about 9 ° diffraction peak, indicating that the chemical bond between the graphite layer was destroyed. When the graphene oxide is reduced to graphene, the diffraction peak reappears at 26 °, but the diffraction intensity becomes smaller, indicating that the distance between the layers of the graphite becomes larger. Finally, we used UV-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer to study the adsorption effect of graphene on manganese ions under different time and different hydrogen ions. It was found that the adsorption effect of graphene on manganese ions was very good under neutral conditions, 5min adsorption to achieve a balance, and manganese ion removal rate of 83% or more. In another set of experiments, the hydrogen ion concentration had a great effect on the adsorption of graphene. When the hydrogen ion concentration was about 0.1mol / L to 0.0001mol / L, the removal rate of manganese ions decreased with the decrease of hydrogen ion concentration While rising. These characteristics have an important role in the treatment of graphene in the field of sewage

Keywords: Heavy Metal; Manganese ion；Graphene;  Hummers method; Adsorbent；Time；Hydrogen ion concentration

目录

第一章  绪论 1

1.1 锰离子简介及其危害 1

1.2 水中锰离子处理办法 1

   1.2.1 化学法 1

 1.2.1.1 化学还原沉淀法 1

 1.2.1.2 其他化学方法 2

   1.2.2 离子交换法 2

1.2.3 物理法 2

1.2.4 生物法 3

1.2.5 生活和工业用水要求 3