摘要：超级电容器具有能量使用效率高，循环寿命长，环境污染小，受到了人们的广泛关注。超级电容器性能的好坏取决于电极材料，石墨烯由于其特殊的二维结构和导电率，成为制备超级电容器的热点材料。本文用Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯，用水热法合成Ni(OH)2/GO前驱体；用管式炉煅烧退火得NiO/GO纳米复合材料，并对理化性质和电化学性质的表征，用涂渍法制备电极，分析材料的电化学性能。本文研究不同水热反应介质、不同浓度配比和不同煅烧温度对所得到的氧化石墨烯-氧化镍复合纳米材料性能的影响。结果表明，水热法制备的材料在比电容和循环性上皆有良好的表现。300℃下煅烧前驱体效果最好。相较于尿素，六次甲基四胺比电容略小，但是稳定性更好。六次甲基四胺浓度在一定范围内，浓度越大，复合材料的电化学性能越好。              

关键词：氧化石墨烯；氧化镍；纳米复合材料；电化学特性

Preparation of graphene-based NiO composites and the performance of Supercapacitors

Abstract：Super-capacitors have good efficiency, high cycling life and less pollution, so it has become the current research focus. The key factor to determine the performance of super-capacitor is the electrode, and the graphene oxide has become one of the most important materials for it due to its advantages of high specific surface area and high electrical conductivity. The graphene oxide had been prepared by hummers method, and the precursor (Ni(OH)2 /GO) composite had been prepared by the hydrothermal method. Then, the precursor had been calcined through the tubular furnace at different temperature to get the GO/NiO composite. Its physical and chemical properties had been determined. The composite were coated in the nickel foam to determine its electrochemical properties on electrochemical workstation. In this paper, the effects on the composite of different alkaline media and their concentration, calcination temperature had been studied. As a result, the composite prepared by hydrothermal method has good performance in specific capacitance and stability. At 300 degrees Celsius, the calcined precursor has the best performance. Compared with in urea, the specific capacitance was worse in hexamethylenetetramine, but better in the stability. In a certain range, the higher the concentration of hexamethylenetetramine is, the better the electrochemical properties of the composite will be.  

Key words: Graphene oxide；nickel oxide；nano-composite；electrochemical characteristics

目录

摘要 1

关键词 1

Abstract 1

Key words 1

引言 1

1  材料与方法 2

1.1仪器与试剂 2

1．2  样品的合成与分析 2

1.2.1 氧化还原法制备石墨烯 2

1.2.2 水热法制备氢氧化镍与石墨烯前驱体 3

1.2.3 焙烧前驱体得氧化镍与石墨烯复合物 3

1.2.4泡沫镍电极测试材料的制备 3

1.2.5分析材料电化学性质 3

1.2.6分析材料化学性质 3

2 结果与分析 3

2.1 表征 3

2.1.1 样品的比表面积测定 3

2.1.2 样品的元素分析 4

2.1.3 热重分析 4

2.2 电化学性质 4

2.2.1不同介质制备对电化学性质的影响 4

2.2.2不同六次甲基四胺的浓度对电化学性质的影响 5

2.2.3不同煅烧温度对电化学性质的影响 6

2.2.4 不同电极材料的电化学性质 7

2.2.5 交流阻抗电阻 7

3讨论 8

3.1探究不同介质对复合物的影响 8

3.2探究不同六次甲基四胺浓度对复合物的影响 8

3.3探究不同煅烧温度对复合物电化学性质的影响 8

3.4探究不同物质的电化学性质 8

3.5总结 8

致谢 8

参考文献 8

氧化镍/石墨烯纳米材料的制备、表征及电化学性能的研究

引言