摘 要: 油菜为我国主要油料作物，研究杂交高产高油新品种是油菜育种工作的主要任务。周油796是采用化学杂交剂SX-1诱导母本产生生理型雄性不育植株,配制的甘蓝型油菜杂交种。本研究为确定该品种是否适合大范围生产，进行多点多年试验，主要考察该品种的遗传特性、农艺性状、抗逆性等方面的特性。通过多区域多年试验取材，记录各方面性状数据，对参试品种收获的种子进行红外分析检测。经过试验数据统计，产量分析、农艺性状考察、生育期和抗性与品质的优劣鉴定，得出结论：周油796在产量方面平均亩产199.76kg，平均含油量46.33%，高于其它试验品种，在同批次试验品种中属于第一档次，双低高产且含油量高；周油796在试验品种中不育率最低，仅为0.25%，冻害指数与病害指数都较低，生育期较短，群体表现整齐，说明其具有较强的抗寒抗逆性和抗倒伏性；品种农艺性状各方面与对照品种相比都较为优秀，其在当前高油份优质杂交油菜新品种选育方面具有显著优势，建议参与品种审定，适宜大范围生产。

关键词：油菜;遗传特性;农艺性状

Investigation and Analysis on genetic characteristics and agronomic characters of Zhouyou 796

Abstract: Rape is one of the important oil crops in China, developing new hybrid variety with high yield and high oil is one of main task in rapeseed breeding. Zhouyou 796, a cultivars with high oil content, is producted between physiological male sterile plants induced by Chemical hybridization agent SX-1and father parent. in the study, the main goal is determining whether it is suitable for a wide range production. So, on the base of multiple sites and years field regions, its genetic characteristics, agronomic characters and resistance characteristics and so on were investigated, all aspects datas in region were collected to use quality and resistance detection. On the base of test data, the yield, agronomic characters, growth period, resistance performance and quality of all varieties were detected, the results showed that the average yields of “Zhouyou 796” was 199.76kg/667 m2, its average oil content is 46.33%, is higher than the other varieties in this experiment, so it belongs to the type of varieties with high oil content, double low high yield. The sterile plant ratio is minimum in all test varieties, only 0.25%, it has were lower freezing index and disease index, shorter growth period and good group performance,  “Zhouyou796” had strong cold-resistance and lodging-resistance; All agronomic traits are better than the control variety. Therefore, it is suitable for a wide range production.

 Key words: Rape; Genetic Characteristics; Agronomic trait

摘 要 1

引 言 2

1. 材料和方法 3

1.1 品种及其来源 3

1.2 试验设计及田间管理 3

1.3 品质测定方法 3

1.4 农艺性状测定方法 4

2. 结果与分析 4

2.1 产量分析 4

2.2 农艺性状 5

2.3  生产花期和遗传特性 6

2.4 品质分析 7

2.5 参试品种遗传特性及综合表现 7

3. 讨论与结论 8

参考文献 10

致 谢 11

周油796遗传特性及农艺性状调查分析

引言

油菜是我国主要油料作物，是食用植物油和饲用蛋白质的最主要来源之一[1]，近几年来，食用油消费量大大增加，菜籽油约占我国食用油消费量的35%，菜籽饼粕约占我国植物饼粕消费量的25%。现代农业生产[2]提倡低投入，高回报，减少在农业生产中的投入，节省人力物力，从而获得农产品高产出[3]，进而最大的效益，油菜生产技术就是现在我国农业生产中一个很重要的方面,油菜栽培季节主要在冬季，不与其他油料作物争地，同时还具有广泛的生产适应性，对环境条件要求不高。油菜可在不同的气候带实行春播和秋播，与其它作物轮作换茬，间作套种，在一年一熟制或一年多熟制地区均可种植。我院选育的双低高油两系杂交油菜新品种“周油796”及其亲本P79-74和09HZ486[4]进行遗传特性、农艺性状、品质性状和抗逆性进行综合考察，为其获得省级品种审定提供原始数据。考察新品种在生产过程中的抗虫害能力与抗病性，观察各个不同生育期油菜子叶长宽、幼茎色泽、心叶色泽、叶色叶型、叶裂片数目、叶缘、叶片长、宽和叶柄长等一些数据，并且在实验过程中注意观察各种病虫害对本品种的影响[5,6]，使“周油796”这个新品种尽快通过品种审定，为新品种的下一步优化与培育提供完善的资料，投入生产。