摘要：黑索金（RDX）因其优异的爆轰性能而广泛用于炸药的制备，但其较高的感度影响其使用安全性，对此可通过颗粒纳米化来实现降感。本文使用HLG-5型纳米化粉碎机成功制取d50为59.5nm的RDX产品，并对比分析了原料RDX（微米级RDX）与纳米RDX的热稳定性能差异，发现RDX纳米化后的DTG峰温前移3.0℃，活化能降低约4.8%，热稳定性基本保持不变，求得两者的等动力学温度Tis，表明在300.3℃下，原料RDX热稳定性优于纳米RDX。此外探索了纳米RDX在改性双基推进剂中的应用，通过一系列工艺制备了20%纳米RDX取代高固含量改性双基推进剂，并对其组分含量微观结构以及热分解特性进行了研究。结果表明：对比未取代高固含量改性双基推进剂，20%纳米RDX取代高固含量改性双基推进剂DTG峰温下降0.8℃，活化能降低约5.6%，而热分解参数变化很小，可认为其热稳定性基本不变。

关键词  纳米RDX，改性双基推进剂，应用，热分解

毕业设计说明书外文摘要

Title    Application of Nano-RDX in High Solid Content Modified Double-Base Propellant  

Abstract：Black wire (RDX) is widely used in the preparation of explosives because of its excellent detonation performance, but its higher sensitivity affects its use safety, which can be achieved by particle nanocrystallization. In this paper, RDX products with d50 of 59.5nm were successfully prepared by using HLG-5 nanometer pulverizer, and the thermal stability of raw RDX (micron-sized RDX) and nano RDX were compared and analyzed. When RDX is grinded to be nano-sized, it is found that the DTG peak temperature of RDX is decreased by 3.0 ℃, the activation energy is reduced by about 4.8%, and the thermal stability is basically the same. The tectonic temperature Tis of the two is obtained, which indicates that the thermal stability of raw RDX is better than that of nano RDX at 300.3 ℃. In addition, the application of nano-RDX in modified double-base propellant was explored. 20% nano-RDX was used to replace the high solid content modified double-base propellant by a series of processes. The microstructure and thermal decomposition properties of the components were studied. The results show that compared with the propellant without nano-RDX, the DTG peak temperature of the 20% nano-RDX replaced the high-solid modified double-base propellant decreased by 0.8 ℃, the activation energy decreases by about 5.6%, while the thermal decomposition parameters change very little, which can be considered its thermal stability is almost unchanged.

Keywords  Nano-RDX, modified double-based propellant, application, thermal decomposition。

目   次

1  绪论 1

1.1  RDX降感方法 1

1.2  纳米化降感原理 2

1.3  纳米级RDX的制备方法 4

1.4  研究意义 5

1.5  本文的主要研究内容 5

2  纳米级RDX的制备与研究 7

2.1  试剂与仪器 7

2.2  纳米级RDX的制备 7

2.3  纳米级RDX的粒径分布及形貌表征 8

2.4  纳米级RDX的热分解特性 9

2.5  本章小结 14

3  纳米RDX在高固含量改性双基推进剂中的应用基础研究 16

3.1  含纳米RDX的高固含量改性双基推进剂的制备 16

3.2  含纳米RDX的高固含量改性双基推进剂的组分含量研究 16

3.3  含纳米RDX的高固含量改性双基推进剂的微观结构研究 17

3.4  含纳米RDX的高固含量改性双基推进剂的热分解特性 18

3.5 本章小结 23

结  论 24

致  谢 25

参 考 文 献 26

1  绪论

环三亚甲基三硝胺俗名黑索今，是一种不溶于水，溶于丙酮、DMF、DMSO等溶剂，微溶于乙醇的无色结晶，其化学式为(CH2NNO2)3[1]。黑索今（RDX）是一种性能优良的军用炸药，也是世界各国广泛使用的主要军用炸药之一，广泛应用于各种武器的战斗部装药和高性能推进剂[2]。为提高其在使用上的安全性，需对其进行降感处理，以期它能更好的应用于炸药、火药等军用或民用必需品中。一般会通过添加蜡类、酯类等钝感剂[3]进行表面修饰或包覆，然而，该方法可导致RDX炸药的爆炸性能降低，影响武器威力。研究表明，对工业级RDX的纳米化（产品简称纳米级RDX）可实现有效降感，且基本上能保持热稳定性不变。