摘要：铝是一种广泛适用的金属。它使用各种人工技术和许多必需的产品。这种金属的物理化 学分析通常报告不同的发现, 但它们大多接近彼此, 这些差异影响了这个元素的使用和 工业模式。许多研究已经记录了不同的技术对铝的拉伸性能的影响。在此项目中, 锉设 备用于生产铝梯度结构, 分析了生产结构对拉伸性能的影响, 研究了金相、金属硬度、 金属表面粗糙度和铝的电子反向散射衍射。本课题的相关理论资料也对此表示关注。当 然, 本文共分五章主要介绍、方法论、结果、讨论和书目。第一章简要介绍了金属分析 和铝合金实验应用的所有性能和技术。第一章还包括了文献复习和相关著作。第二章详 细介绍了工作分析的实验步骤, 并与各所用方法相关的详细说明。第三章介绍了所取得 的结果。4 章包括对结果的讨论和最终结论。最后所有章节的参考书目在一个分开的章节 代表了数字五。

关键词: 铝, 梯度结构, 金相, 硬度, 粗糙度, EBSD

Title The Effect of Gradient Structure on Tensile Properties of Aluminium

Abstract ：Aluminium metal is one of the most widely applicable metals. It uses in various artificial techniques and many required products. The physical and chemical analysis of this metal usually reports different findings, but most of them are close to each other and these differences affecting the using and industrial patterns of this element. Many researches have been documented the effect of different techniques on tensile properties of Aluminium. Here in this project RASP equipment was used to produce Aluminium gradient structure and the effect of the produced structure on the tensile properties was investigated. The metallography, metallic hardness, metallic surface roughness and Electron Backscatter Diffraction of Aluminum were analyzed. Theoretical related data on this topic were also concerned. Certainly, this thesis was pided to five main chapters ’ introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and bibliography. In chapter one of the all properties and techniques used to study metallic analysis and Aluminium experimental applications were briefly introduced with some supplementary figures. Literature review and related works also were included in the chapter one. The second chapter introduced the experimental procedures of the work analysis step by step and details related to each used method. Third chapter presented the obtained results which presented briefly. The fourth chapter included the discussion of the results and final conclusion of the findings. Finally the bibliography of the all chapters was represented in a separate chapter which was number five.

Keywords: Aluminium, Gradient Structure, Metallography, Hardness, Roughness, EBSD

Table of Contents

Title

N Page

1 Dedicatiom I

2 Acknowledgement. II

3 Chinese summary III

4 Abstract. IV

5 Key words. V

6 Table of contents. 1

7 List of figures. 3

8 Abbreviation list. 3

CHAPTER ONE

1 1. Introduction 5

2 1.1 Background. 5

3 1.1.3 Properties of Metal Gradient Structure. 7

4 1.1.4 Aluminium Physical Properties 8

5 1.1.4.1 Atomic Structure. 8

6 1.1.4.2 Crystal Structure 9

7 1.1.4.3 Density 10

8 1.1.4.4 Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity 11

9 1.1.4.5 Non-Magnetic Property 11

10 1.1.4.6 Thermal Conductivity. 12

11 1.1.4.7 Reflectance and Emissivity. 12

12 1.1.4.8 Corrosion Resistance. 13

13 1.1.4.9 Thermal Expansion 15

14 1.1.4.10 Melting Temperature. 16

15 1.1.5 Aluminium Mechanical Properties 17

16 1.1.5.1 Tensile Strength. 17

17 1.1.5.2 Strength/Weight Ratio 18

18 1.1.5.3 Proof Stress. 18

19 1.1.5.4 Elastic Properties. 19

20 1.1.5.5 Elongation. 20

21 1.1.5.6 Compression 21

22 1.1.5.7 Bearing 22

23 1.1.5.8 Shear 22

24 1.1.5.9 Hardness. 22