摘要：甲醛生产主要生产方法主要分为铁钼催化剂法和银催化剂法。本课题是以结合生产实际，收集论文资料及数据，找出最好的实验条件和经济效益应用于甲醛的整个生产过程当中。

   本设计为年产15万吨的工艺初步设计，以摩尔比为甲醇：氧气：水：氮气=1：0.756:0.276:2.844进入列管式的固定床反应器，于350℃、0.5MPa下经铁钼催化剂催化氧化生产50级工业甲醛15万吨。根据设计要求，筛选并演示了工艺流程，计算了整个装置的材料计算和能量平衡，对主要设备和管道进行了设计和选型，使整个设备安全完整，并对“三废”治理和绿色环保进行了相关讨论。

关键词：甲醛；甲醇；15万吨；铁钼催化；

Design and production of 150 thousand tons of formaldehyde per year by iron molybdenum catalyst method

Abstract：The main production methods for formaldehyde production are mainly pided into iron molybdenum catalysts and silver catalysts. This topic is to combine the actual production, collecting the paper data and data, to find the best experimental conditions and economic benefits applied to the entire production process of formaldehyde.

   This design is a preliminary design of a process with an annual output of 150,000 tons. The molar ratio of methanol: oxygen:water:nitrogen = 1:0.756:0.276:2.844 into the tubular fixed-bed reactor, at 350 °C, 0.5MPa The iron-molybdenum catalyst catalyzes the oxidation and production of 150,000 tons of grade 50 industrial formaldehyde. For the design requirements, we screened and determined the best process flow.In addition ,we designed and selected the main equipment and pipeline according to the material calculation and energy balance of the whole device are calculated. The whole equipment is safe and complete, and the treatment of "three wastes" and green environmental protection.This topic is to combine the actual production, collecting the paper data and data, to find the best experimental conditions and economic benefits applied to the entire production process of formaldehyde.

Key words: formaldehyde; methanol; 150 thousand tons; iron-molybdenum catalysis;

目录

1.前言1

2.工业甲醛需求及价格趋势2

 2.1工业甲醛的需求量2

2.1.1国内甲醛2

2.1.2国外甲醛2

2.2影响我国甲醛价格的主要因素3

2.2.1生产成本3

2.2.2下游需求量的增大3

2.2.3地区差异3

3.甲醛制造工艺流程3

3.1流程说明3

3.2生产工艺影响因素5

3.2.1反应器的结构和状态5

3.2.2催化剂的性能和状态5

3.2.3反应温度5

3.2.4氧醇比5

3.2.5水醇比6

3.2.6停留时间和空速6

3.2.7反应压力6

4.年产15万吨甲醛的工艺计算6

4.1计算依据6

4.2物料衡算7

4.2.1产品7

4.2.2原料甲醇投入量7

4.2.3空气投入量（根据氧醇比求）8

4.2.4尾气中组分含量8

4.2.5核对8

4.2.6以小时为单位的主要设备物料衡算9

4.3热量衡算13

4.3.1物性参数及计算公式13

4.3.2主要设备热量衡算14

5.主要非定型设备的计算和选择19

5.1蒸发器19

5.1.1计算蒸发室的体积V和高度H19

5.1.2蒸发器换热器计算19

5.2过热器20

5.2.1传热面积的估算20

5.2.2径的计算20

5.3氧化器21

5.3.1氧化器的直径21

5.3.2热锅炉的主要尺寸21

5.3.3氧化器下部的冷却器部分22

5.3.4废锅炉辅助设备——汽包23

5.4吸收一塔23

5.4.1气体重度r气23

5.4.2液相重度24

5.4.3液相粘度24

5.4.4填料24

5.4.5喷淋密度25

5.4.6液相流量25

5.4.7泛点气速计算25

5.4.8塔径及空塔气速的计算26

5.4.9高度26

5.4.10填料层阻力计算26

5.5吸收二塔27

5.5.1气体重度27

5.5.2液相重度28