摘要：本文主要内容是介绍了对于立式固定管板式换热器的设计全过程，换热器中的管程流动介质为气态甲醇，壳程流动介质为蒸汽。设计部分主要完成了关于固定管板式换热器的机械结构设计以及工艺结构设计，还有便是关于管壳式换热器的强度计算。强度计算主要包括换热器的筒体内压计算、封头与管箱的设计、封头的强度校核、管程进出口的开孔补强计算、壳程进出口的开孔补强计算、管板的结构设计及校核、支座的选型及校核。论文的分析部分是使用ANSYS软件对换热管及管板的热应力分析，建模部分为长与宽25*25规格的管板，厚度为54mm，换热管取四分之一。然后对其进行热应力分析。分析结果发现随着壳程温度的不断升高，热应力的值不断增大，但热应力的最大值都是在管板与管子的连接位置，靠近管板内侧。而且随着壳程温度与管程温度越来越接近，温度梯度越来越小，管板与换热管的连接位置的热应力也越来越小，这与工程实际情况符合。通过本次的毕业设计，了解了固定管板式换热器的机械结构与工艺结构，明确了换热器平时工作的全过程。并通过ANSYS分析明白了换热管的最大应力处，也就是最容易断裂的部位，对工业中的实际生产有重要作用。

关键词：管壳式换热器；强化传热；固定管板；强度计算；结构设计

Design and analysis of reboiler

Abstract: The main content of this paper was to introduce the whole design process of vertical fixed tubular plate heat exchanger, in which the pipeline flow medium was gaseous methanol and the shell flow medium was steam. The design part mainly completed the mechanical structure design and process structure design of fixed tubular plate heat exchanger, and the strength calculation of tubular shell heat exchanger. Strength calculation of heat exchanger mainly included cylinder pressure calculation, the design of the head and tube box, intensity of head, monitor the import and export of the shell side of the opening reinforcement calculation, the import and export of opening reinforcement calculation, structure design and checking of tube plate, bearing selection and checking. The analysis part of this paper was to use ANSYS software to analyze the thermal stress of heat transfer tube and tube plate. The modeling part was long and wide 25*25 specification tube plate with a thickness of 54mm and a quarter of heat transfer tube. Then the thermal stress was analyzed. The results showed that the value of thermal stress increases with the continuous increase of shell temperature, but the maximum value of thermal stress was in the connection position between tube plate and tube, close to the inside of tube plate. Moreover, as the shell temperature and pipe temperature are getting closer and closer, the temperature gradient was getting smaller and smaller, and the thermal stress at the connection position between the pipe plate and heat exchanger pipe was getting smaller and smaller, which was in line with the actual engineering situation. Through this graduation project, I have got to know the mechanical structure and technological structure of fixed tubular plate heat exchanger, and made clear the whole process of the heat exchanger. Through ANSYS analysis, it was clear that the maximum stress of heat exchanger tube, i.e. the most easily broken part, plays an important role in industrial production.

KeyWords: Shell and tube heat exchanger; enhancement of heat transfer; fixed tube sheet; strength calculation; structure design

目录

1绪论 1

1.1文献查阅情况综述 1

1.2换热器壳程结构强化传热的发展 2

1.3换热器管程结构强化传热的发展 5

2换热器的设计总说明 8

2.1设计任务 8

2.2原始条件及数据 8

2.3设计的技术要求（论文的研究要求） 8

2.4设计概述 8

2.5固定管板式换热器的结构类型与型号 9