摘要：采用一次性向设施农田土壤中添加0，5，10，20，30，40 t/hm2的生物质炭的方法，通过2年定位试验，探讨了生物质炭施用对连作黄瓜土壤物理性质、养分状况及酶活性的影响，为生物质炭在推动设施农业发展上提供科学依据。结果表明，生物质炭可以显著改善连作黄瓜的土壤环境，提高连作黄瓜的产量。高施用量条件下（40 t/hm2）对黄瓜连作土壤的物理性状提升效果最好，C5处理的土壤容重较对照显著降低了9.65%，孔隙度显著提高了5.83%，土壤水力学性质提升效果明显。土壤中全氮、硝态氮和铵态氮的含量在生物质炭施用量为30 t/hm2时均达到最高，分别为2.17 g/kg，188.11 mg/kg和7.39 mg/kg，高生物质炭施用量水平下（C5水平）土壤速效磷和有机质含量达到最大，分别为256.68 mg/kg和25.01 g/kg。土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶的活性随着生物质炭施用量的增加均呈先增加后降低的趋势，其活性分别在生物质炭施用量为30 t/hm2和20 t/hm2时最大，分别为0.28 mg/ (g﹒d)和0.13 ml/(g﹒h)，较对照提高了47.37%和7.69%。当生物质炭施用量达到30 t/hm2时，黄瓜产量最高为6.18×104 kg/hm2。通过对黄瓜连作土壤质量因子的通径分析可知，改善连作黄瓜土壤环境的最佳生物质炭施用量为30 t/hm2，说明生物质炭作为一种土壤改良剂，能够改善连作土壤质量，提高连作土壤肥力和酶活性，但选择合适的生物质炭施用量至关重要。

关键词：连作；生物质炭；土壤理化性质；酶活性

Effects of Biochar on Soil Physical Property, Nutrient Condition and Enzyme Activities under Continuous Cropping Cucumber Condition

Abstract：In order to study the effects of biochar on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and cucumber’s yield under continuous cropping cucumber condition and find a scientific basis for the popularization of biochar in agricultural application, we applied biochar only once at rates of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t/hm2 in protected field for 2 years. The results suggested that biochar application into soil significantly improve soil properties and increase the yield of cucumber under continuous cropping cucumber condition. The physical properties of the cucumber continuous cropping were the best in the high application conditions. Compared with the control, the soil bulk density of C5 was significantly reduced by 9.65% and the porosity was significantly increased by 5.83%. When the application of biochar was 30 t/hm2, the content of total nitrogen, nitrate and ammonium in soil was the highest, 2.17 g/kg，188.11 mg/kg and 7.39 mg/kg, respectively. At the level of high biochar application, the soil rapid phosphorus and organic matter content reached the maximum, 256.68 mg/kg and 25.01 g/kg respectively. The activities of urease and catalase showed a same trend which increased at first and then decreased with the biochar application increasing. Soil urease activity was 47.37% higher than the control treatment when the application rate of biochar was 30 t/hm2. Besides, the treatment applied with 20 t/hm2 biochar increased soil catalase activity by 7.69% as compared with control treatment. The cucumber’s yield was significantly increased to 6.18×104 kg/hm2 with 30 t/hm2 biochar application. The path analysis suggested that the optimal rate of biochar for improving continuous cropping cucumber’s soil properties was 30 t/hm2. Biochar, as a soil amendment, can improve the continuous cropping soil quality, fertility and enzyme activity. Additionally, it is very important to choose the optimal dose of biochar in agricultural production.

Key words: Continuous cropping; Biochar; Soil physicochemical properties; Urease; Catalase

目  录

摘要2

关键词2

Abstract2

Key words2

引言2

1 材料与方法3

1.1试验材料 3

1.2试验设计3

1.3土样采集4

1.4分析方法4

1.5数据处理4