摘要：为了得到高能低敏感的纳米复合含能材料，本实验通过溶胶-凝胶法和冷冻干燥法制备了以聚叠氮缩水甘油醚（GAP)为凝胶含能骨架的GAP/黑索金（GAP/RDX）纳米复合含能材料。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）以及扫描差示量热（DTA）对所制备凝胶的微观结构、形貌特性，组成以及热性能等进行了表征与分析，并对复合材料的撞击感度进行了测试。研究结果表明：GAP凝胶骨架具有较好的纳米网状结构。RDX分散在不同GAP骨架上，并与GAP牢牢地复合在一起，其平均粒径大多约在90-100nm之间；复合后RDX的结构和晶型基本没有发生变化；GAP/RDX纳米复合含能材料的分解温度相比于RDX的热分解温度降低，说明GAP对RDX的热分解具有一定的促进作用。GAP/RDX纳米复合含能材料的热分解活化能低于RDX的热分解活化能。此外，GAP/RDX纳米复合含能材料的机械感度比纯RDX的低，不同RDX含量的样品的H50均高于纯RDX的H50。通过对本课题的研究，为制备高能钝感的含能材料提供了一种可行的方案。

关键词：黑索金GAP冷冻干燥纳米复合溶胶-凝胶

毕业设计说明书外文摘要

Title  Preparation and properties of GAP/RDX nanocomposite energetic materials                                              

Abstract：In order to obtain high-energy and insensitive energetic material, GAP/RDX nano-composite energetic material with GAP as gel matrix was prepared by using sol-gel method and vacuum freezing drying method. The morphology, composition and thermal decomposition properties of the prepared samples were characterized by SEM, XRD, DTA methods, and the impact sensitivity of the composite materials was also tested. The results show that the GAP gel skeleton has a good nanoscale structure. RDX is dispersed on different GAP frameworks and is firmly compounded with GAP. The average particle size is about 90-100nm. The structure and crystal form of RDX are not changed. The decomposition temperature of the GAP/RDX nanocomposites material is lower than that of RDX, which indicates that GAP has a certain effect on the thermal decomposition of RDX. The thermal decomposition activation energy of GAP/RDX nanocomposite energetic materials is lower than that of RDX. In addition, the mechanical sensitivity of GAP/RDX nanocomposite energetic materials is lower than that of pure RDX, and the H50 of samples with different RDX contents is higher than that of pure RDX.

Through the research of this topic, it can provide a feasible route for the preparation of high-energy and insensitive energetic material.

Keywords   RDX, GAP ,Nanocomposite, supercritical, sol-gel

目录

1绪论.1

1.1本课题研究的目的和意义...1

1.2纳米复合材料的特性和应用...2

1.2.1纳米复合材料的特性.....2

1.2.2纳米复合材料的应用..2

1.2.2.1纳米材料在陶瓷方面的应用.3

1.2.2.2纳米材料的光学应用....3

1.2.2.3纳米材料在医学上的应用.3

1.2.2.4纳米材料在含能材料领域的应用4

1.3纳米复合含能材料的研究现状4

1.3.1纳米含能材料的制备方法...4

1.3.2国内外主要的研究成果...5

1.4纳米复合含能材料的表征技术6

1.5本课题研究的背景、思路以及主要内容.7

1.5.1研究背景..7

1.5.2研究思路....8

1.5.3主要内容....8

2纳米复合含能材料的制备原理..10

2.1溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米复合含能材料的原理..10

2.1.1溶胶-凝胶的基本原理..10

2.1.2冷冻干燥……...10

3GAP/RDX纳米复合粒子的制备..11

3.1实验试剂和仪器....11

3.2GAP/RDX湿凝胶的制备..11

3.3GAP/RDX纳米复合含能粒子的表征及性能研究...12

3.3.1实验仪器和设备....12