摘要

木材改性是改善或改变木材的物理、力学、化学性质和构造特征的物理或化学加工处理方法。其目的是提高木材的天然耐腐(蛀)性、耐酸性、耐碱性、阻燃性、耐磨性、颜色稳定性、力学强度和尺寸稳定性。乙酰化处理是一种非常有效的可提高木材尺寸稳定性、生物耐腐性及抗光降解性的木材化学改性方法，目前，乙酰化木材已在许多国家实现了商业化生产，但在我国至今也未形成自有知识产权的木材乙酰化处理设备及相关技术。因此，研究无催化的乙酰化工艺对木材乙酰化处理效果及性能变化的作用机制，将为木材乙酰化工艺及性能调控提供理论依据和技术参考，为我国人工林木材功能性改良及高附加值利用提供新途径，对实现木材乙酰化技术国产化具有十分重要的意义。

实验以乙酸酐为反应液，在无催化条件下，分析乙酰化后木材性能的变化。其反应流程为将木材浸入装有乙酸酐的反应釜中，在一定的压力和温度里，设置一段时间，让木材和乙酸酐充分反应。然后将乙酰化后的木材洗涤干燥，从而得到乙酰化木材。应用扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计等一系列先进仪器设备，深入研究了乙酰化木材的微观结构、化学组分与基团变化及乙酰化木材表面化学结构等的变化，系统分析了这些变化与乙酰化木材宏观物理力学性能之间的内在联系，揭示了乙酰化处理引起木材宏观性能变化的微观本质，探明了木材乙酰化反应机理。

关键词：乙酰化；松木；木材改性；液相法

Abstract

Wood modification is a physical or chemical processing method that improves or changes the physical, mechanical, chemical and structural characteristics of wood. The aim is to improve the natural corrosion resistance (wood resistance), acid resistance, alkali resistance, flame retardancy, abrasion resistance, color stability, mechanical strength and dimensional stability of wood. Acetylation is a very effective wood chemical modification method that can improve the dimensional stability of wood, biological corrosion resistance and photodegradability. At present, acetylated wood has been commercialized in many countries, but in China Has not yet formed its own intellectual property rights of wood acetylation equipment and related technologies. Therefore, the study of the mechanism of non-catalytic acetylation on the effect of wood acetylation treatment and the change of performance will provide theoretical basis and technical reference for wood acetylation process and performance control, which will improve the functional improvement and high added value The use of new ways to achieve the realization of wood acetylation technology is of great significance.

Experiments were carried out using acetic anhydride as the reaction solution to analyze the change of wood properties after acetylation without catalytic conditions. The reaction process is to immerse the wood in the reaction kettle with acetic anhydride, in a certain pressure and temperature, set for a period of time, so that wood and acetic anhydride full reaction. The acetylated wood is then washed and dried to obtain acetylated wood.The microstructures, chemical composition and group changes of acetylated wood were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet - visible - near infrared spectrophotometer and so on. Acetylation of wood surface chemical structure changes, the system analysis of these changes and acetylated wood macro-physical and mechanical properties of the intrinsic link between the acetylation of wood caused by the macro-performance changes in the microscopic nature of the wood acetylation reaction mechanism.

Keywords: acetylation;poplar;wood modification;liquid phase method

目录

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