摘要： 如今在环保领域中挥发性有机物的催化分解一直是重点的研究方向。通过对甲烷的催化燃烧，使整个过程更加高效、清洁，这种技术也经常被人们使用。并且响应国家大力推进节能减排环境保护项目，在其中占有重大的经济效益和应用价值。贵金属催化剂在实际的催化实验中相对于其他种类的催化剂的活性较好，通过实验证明这种方式对条件的要求较低，适合催化含有少量甲烷气体的实验对象。非贵金属氧化物催化剂在实验的过程当中展现了在高温中仍然能够保持较高催化效率的特点，所以适合催化含有大量甲烷气体的实验对象。本文论述了甲烷催化燃烧的机理、催化剂种类，催化剂制备方法以及催化性能等方面的进展，通过疏水透气高分子纳米膜的包裹，研究廉价的金属氧化物纳米催化剂系统的甲烷低温氧化性能；讨论了如何通过改进高分子包裹层的分子结构和理化性能，使内包的金属氧化物在低温含水条件下高效稳定催化氧化甲烷。比较了各种非贵金属催化剂在各种条件下对甲烷的催化效力。

关键词： 甲烷、催化燃烧、非贵金属、催化剂

Efficient methane oxidation at low temperature with research of non-noble metal catalysts

Abstract: Today, the catalytic decomposition of volatile organic compounds in the field of environmental protection has always been the focus of research. Through the catalytic combustion of methane, the entire process is more efficient and cleaner, and this technology is often used by people. In response to the country's vigorous efforts to promote energy-saving emission reduction and environmental protection projects, which have significant economic and application value. Precious metal catalysts have better activity in other catalysts in actual catalytic experiments. Experiments have shown that this method requires less conditions and is suitable for catalyzing experimental objects containing small amounts of methane gas. Non-noble metal oxide catalysts exhibited high catalytic efficiency at high temperatures during the course of the experiment and were therefore suitable for catalyzing experimental objects containing large amounts of methane gas. This paper discusses the catalytic combustion mechanism of methane, the types of catalysts, catalyst preparation methods and catalytic performance, and studies the low-temperature oxidation of methane by inexpensive metal oxide nanocatalysts encapsulated by hydrophobically breathable polymer nanofilms. How to improve the stable and efficient oxidation of methane under low temperature and water conditions by improving the molecular structure and physicochemical properties of the polymer coating. The catalytic efficiency of various non-precious metal catalysts for methane under various conditions was compared.

Keywords： Methane；catalytic combustion； non - precious metal；catalyst.

目 录

一、绪论 1

1.1 背景 1

1.1.1 本课题的主要研究内容 3

1.2 钙钛矿型氧化物催化剂 3

1.3负载型贵金属 Pt 催化剂 4

1.4 负载型Pd 催化剂 6

1.5 非贵金属催化剂 7

1.6 甲烷催化燃烧机理 8

1.7 催化剂制备方法 8

二、实验部分 8

2.1 实验试剂和仪器 8

2.1.1 实验试剂 8

2.1.2 实验用气体 9

2.1.3 实验仪器 9

2.2 催化剂的制备 10

2.2.1 草酸乙二醇辅助固相法 10

2.3 催化剂表征 10

2.3.1 热重差热分析 10

2.3.2 氮气低温吸/脱附 10

2.3.3 X射线晶体衍射 10

2.3.4 透射电子显微镜 11

2.3.5 X射线光电子能谱仪 11

2.3.6 H2程序升温还原 11

2.3.7 原位红外漫反射光谱 11

2.3.8 傅里叶红外光谱 11

2.3.9 O2程序升温脱附 11

2.4 制备方法 12

2.4.1 聚合物纳米薄膜包覆Fe3Co16Ox催化剂的制备 12

2.4.2 催化评估 12