摘要: 双酚A(BPA)是一种化工原料，广泛应用于食品包装、矿泉水瓶、医疗器械的内侧涂层，其毒性能够导致内分泌失调，引发性早熟，肥胖等。因此，双酚A所引发的此类问题受到了人们的关注。检测双酚A的传统方法有：高效液相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法法、固-液萃取法和固相萃取技术。这些方法存在着前处理繁琐、仪器设备成本高、现场操作复杂的不足和局限。电化学方法具有操作便捷、成本低、仪器简单便携、易现场自动化监测的优势，是一种有前景的分析手段。

本课题采用浸渍还原法将钯纳米颗粒还原于不同结构的碳纳米材料上，并制成检测电极，通过电化学技术对其进行表征，研究了双酚A在检测电极上的电化学行为，发现双酚A的氧化峰电流相比于裸碳电极而言，在Pd/C和Pd/CNT电极表面均得到显著的增强，可见制备的检测电极对双酚A的电催化效果明显。优化了碳纳米材料的选择和用量的测定参数，建立了一种简便快速检测双酚A的电化学方法。实验结果表明：在水的溶液中，双酚A峰电流与其浓度在4×10-7mol/L-6×10-6mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系，检测下线可达4×10-7mol/L。

关键词: 碳纳米管；Pd/CNT电极；电化学传感器；双酚A

Research on Electrochemical Sensors Based on Carbon Nanocomposites

Abstract:Bisphenol A(BPA) is a chemical raw material widely used in the inner coating of food packing,mineral water bottles and medical devices.Its toxicity can lead to endocrine disorders,precocious puberty and obesity.Therefore,such problems caused by BPA have attracted people’s attention.The tradition methods for detecting BPA include high performance liquid chromatography,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,solid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction.These methods have the disadvantages and limitations of complicated preprossing,high cose of equipment and complicated on-site operation.The electrochemical method has the advantage of convenient operation,low cost,simple and portable instrument and easy on-site automatic monitoring.It is a promising analytical method.

This topic integrates the knowledge of electrochemical,analytical chemistry,carbon nanomaterials,sensing technologies.Using carbon nanocomposites constructs electrochemical sensors for the determination of BPA.In the experiment,the palladium nanoparticles were reduced to different structures of carbon nanomatericals by impregnation and reduction method.The electrode was characterized by electrochemical technique.The electrochemical behavior of BPA at the detection electrode was studied.The oxidation peak current of BPA was significantly enhanced on the Pd/C and Pd/CNT electrodes compared to the bare carbon electrode.It can be seen that the prepared electro-catalytic effect of the detection eclctrode on BPA is obvious.The selection of arbon nanomatericals and the determination parameters of the amount were optimized.An electrochemical method for the simple and rapid detection of BPA was established.The experimental results show that the peak current of BPA exhibits a good linear relationship with its concentration in the range of 4×10-7mol/L-6×10-6mol/L.The detection line is 4×10-7mol/L.

Keywords: Carbon nanotubes；Pd/CNT electrode； Electrochemical sensor； Bisphenol A

目  录

1绪论 1

1.1 双酚A 1

1.2 电化学传感器 2

1.2.1 电化学传感器的定义 2

1.2.2 电化学传感器的分类 2

1.2.3 基于碳纳米管的电化学传感器 3

1.2.4 基于分子印迹聚合膜的电化学传感器 3

1.2.5 基于石墨烯量子点的电化学传感器 3

1.2.6 纸基电极 3

1.3 碳纳米复合材料 4

1.3.1 炭黑 4

1.3.2 碳纳米管（CNT） 5

1.4 碳纳米复合材料的制备方法 6

1.4.1 直接还原法 6

（1）浸渍-还原法 6

（2）电化学沉积法 7

1.4.2 间接还原法 7