摘要：本文采用聚氨酯作为粘合剂，制得双基复合材料，以增强其力学性能并探究相应机理。实验研究了以环氧乙烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为主体，不同三元树脂添加量对样品力学性能的影响。研究结果表明，与空白组相比，聚氨酯粘合剂的加入使样品的断裂伸长率显著提高，增幅可达156.62%。同时还研究发现，三元树脂加入后形成的互穿网络结构对体系的抗拉强度以及伸长率均有贡献，且含量越高增强效果越明显。三元树脂加入量占含量10％左右时，双基复合材料体系综合力学性能较佳。为了解决聚合过程中重力作用对组分迁移的影响，本实验自建装置，采用了旋转固化的方法。测试结果表明，该方法得到的样品力学性能增幅明显，重复性好。

关键字聚氨酯互穿网络力学性能旋转固化

毕业设计说明书外文摘要

Title Process study on the mechanical properties of enhanced polyurethane materials                                                  

Abstract：This article chooses polyurethane as a binder to prepare double-based composite materials, thus enhancing their mechanical properties and exploring the corresponding mechanisms. With polyether multivariate alcohol and isophorone diisocyanate as the main body, the effects of ternary copolymer content on the mechanical performance of the materials was studied experimentally. The results show that, with the addition of polyurethane adhesives, the elongation at break of the sample increased significantly compared with the blank group, which can be up to 156.62%. We also found that the interpenetrating network structure formed by the addition of ternary copolymer contributed to the tensile strength and elongation of the system, and the higher the content is the more obviously the enhancement effect is. When the addition of ternary copolymer is about 10%, the mechanical performance of the double-based materials system are better. In order to solve the effect of gravity on the migration of components during the polymerization process, the method of rotating solidification was adopted with the help of the self-built device in this experiment. The results showed that the mechanical performance of the samples is obvious and the repeatability is good through this method.

Keywords  polyurethane  interpenetrating network  mechanical properties   rotating solidification

目次

1引言 1

1.1发射药的概述与作用 1

1.2发射药的新展望 1

1.3高分子材料在发射药中的应用 1

1.4聚氨酯粘合剂 2

1.5互穿网络聚合物介绍及性质 2

1.6本课题研究的任务和目标 3

1.7本课题研究的主要工作 3

2聚氨酯型双基复合材料的合成工艺及原料选择 5

2.1聚氨酯的合成工艺 5

2.2聚氨酯的固化工艺 5

2.3聚氨酯合成原料的选择 6

2.4聚氨酯合成反应 8

3实验部分 10

3.1实验原料及仪器 10

3.2原材料的预处理 10

3.3实验方案的选择 10

3.4聚氨酯型双基复合材料的制备 11

4性能测试 15

4.1力学拉伸性能测试 15

4.2热分解性能测试 15

4.3密闭爆发器测试 15

5结果与讨论 16

5.1力学拉伸性能分析 16

5.2热分解性能分析 20

5.3密闭爆发器结果分析 22

结论 27

致谢 28

参考文献 29

1引言

1.1发射药的概述与作用

发射药通常指装在枪炮弹膛内用以发射弹丸的火药，按组成成分，发射药主要分为三种：单基、双基和三基药[1]。“基”，是指加入在火药中能提供能量的含能组分，其需满足能够燃烧以及迅速提供能量的要求[2]。

随着科学技术的飞速发展，越来越多威力强大、功能繁多的新式武器被研究出来，在战场上对原有武器造成冲击，而占有一席之地。现代战争的残酷背景下，只有具有精度好、威力大、隐蔽性能优良的特点的现代武器，才能在激烈的竞争中得以发展延续下来[3]。这些新式现代武器的诞生与发展离不开发射药的进步。