摘要： 这次毕业设计的题目为某化工厂管壳式换热器设计，是在已知要求下完成换热器设计，对其进行传热计算、流体流动阻力计算和校核换热器的结构强度。这次毕业设计的目的是了解并且巩固换热器的基础知识并且独立完成换热器的设计的基本方法，要根据所参考的资料可以自己得出关于换热器发展前景的主要方向，知道如何改良换热器，提高其换热效率，对换热器知识要有新的全面加强的认识。该设计的首要步骤是根据已知条件估算传热面积并确定传热面的构造；然后执行管程和壳程的计算并且完成壳体结构的设计。然后为换热器选择合适的零部件以及材料，并且进行校核，从而使所设计的换热器可以正常运作。

我这次设计的换热器类型是固定管板式热交换器，其特征在于，热交换管的两端固定在壳体两端的固定管板上。与其他类型的换热器相比，它的结构比较简单，重量轻，在壳程相同的情况下可排的管数多，这次所设计的换热器为了冷却煤油，温度，压力均不高，且较洁净，因此可用固定管板式换热器。

关键词： 固定管板式换热器；传热计算；流动阻力计算；结构强度校核计算

Design of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger in a Chemical Plant

Abstract: The subject of this graduation project is the shell and tube heat exchanger design of a chemical plant. The design of the heat exchanger is completed under known requirements. The heat transfer calculation, the fluid flow resistance calculation, and the structural strength of the check heat exchanger are performed. . The purpose of this graduation project is to understand and consolidate the basic knowledge of heat exchangers and to independently complete the basic methods for the design of heat exchangers. According to the referenced materials, the main directions for the development prospects of heat exchangers can be drawn and how Improve the heat exchanger, increase its heat transfer efficiency, and have a new and comprehensive understanding of the heat exchanger knowledge. The first step in the design is to estimate the heat transfer area based on known conditions and determine the configuration of the heat transfer surface; then perform the calculation of the tube and shell side and complete the design of the shell structure. Then select the appropriate parts and materials for the heat exchanger and check it so that the designed heat exchanger can operate normally.

The type of heat exchanger I designed this time is a fixed tube-plate heat exchanger, which is characterized in that the two ends of the heat exchange tube are fixed on the fixed tube plates at both ends of the shell. Compared with other types of heat exchangers, the structure of the heat exchanger is relatively simple, light weight, and the number of tubes that can be discharged is the same under the same shell-side conditions. The heat exchanger designed this time does not require temperature and pressure to cool kerosene. High and clean, so a fixed tube plate heat exchanger can be used.

Keywords: shell and tube heat exchanger; heat transfer calculation; fluid flow resistance calculation; check calculation of structural strength

目录

摘要 i

Abstract i

目录 iii

1 绪论 1

1.1 研究目的和意义 1

1.2 国内外发展状况 1

1.2.1 国内现况 1

1.2.2 国外现况 3

1.3 换热器的分类及特点 3

1.3.1 混合式换热器 3

1.3.2 蓄热式换热器 4

1.3.3 间壁式换热器 4

1.4 换热器的传热强化 5

1.4.1 换热器管程的强化传热 5

1.4.2 换热器壳程的强化传热 6

2 传热计算 7

2.1 确定设计方案 7

2.2 流体流动空间的确定 7

2.3 流体的定性温度与物性参数 8

2.3.1 定性温度的计算 8

2.3.2 相关流体物性参数的确定 9

2.3.3 传热量与平均传热温差的计算 10