对菖蒲的盐与铅复合胁迫下生理形态的变化、耐盐机理与对铅离子的净化能力进行初步了研究。
摘要:本实验采用不同浓度梯度的Nacl(0、5%、10%、15%)和固定浓度的Pb(5mg/L)复合处理菖蒲植株测定一段时间内的叶绿素荧光参数F0、Fm、Fv/Fm和废液中的Pb的滞留情况,以及观察菖蒲植株的生长状况,以探讨菖蒲的生理表现、耐盐状况及对废水中Pb的净化能力。研究结果如下:(1)盐和铅复合胁迫抑制了菖蒲植株的生长。而且盐浓度越高菖蒲叶片中的相对叶绿素含量越低,说明盐和铅复合胁迫影响植株的生理代谢。(2)在低浓度的Nacl(5%)和Pb(5mg/L)胁迫下菖蒲叶最小初始荧光(F0)逐渐升高,在高浓度Nacl(10%、15%)和Pb(5mg/L)下先减小后升高,PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fm)和菖蒲叶最大荧光Fm均显著下降,说明PSⅡ反应中心遭到严重损坏,PSⅡ系统电子传递受阻,光合效率逐渐降低。(3)随着盐浓度的升高,废液中的Pb滞留量逐渐升高,说明盐胁迫阻碍菖蒲根系对废水中铅离子的吸收,而且盐浓度越高,阻碍能力越强。
关键词:菖蒲;盐胁迫;铅;叶绿素荧光
Effect of high-salt lead-containing wastewater on the fluorescence characteristics of calamus
Abstract: In this experiment, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters F0, Fm, Fv/Fm and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the Acorus calamus plant were treated with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 5%, 10%, 15%) and a fixed concentration of Pb (5mg/L) for a period of time. The retention of Pb in effluent and the observation of the growth of Acorus calamus plants were used to investigate the physiological performance, salt tolerance, and ability to purify Pb from wastewater. The results are as follows:(1) The combined stress of salt and lead inhibited the growth of Acorus calamus plants. The higher the salt concentration, the lower the relative chlorophyll content in the leaves of Acorus calamus, which indicated that the compound stress of salt and lead affected the physiological metabolism of the plants.(2) At the low concentration of Nacl (5%) and Pb (5mg/L), the minimum initial fluorescence (F0) of P. schrenzii leaves gradually increased, and it was observed at high concentrations of Nacl (10%, 15%) and Pb (5mg/L). After the increase, the potential activity of PSII (Fv/Fm) and the maximum fluorescence of F. glauca were significantly decreased, indicating that the PSII reaction center was severely damaged, the electron transport of the PSII system was blocked, and the photosynthetic efficiency gradually decreased.(3) With the increase of salt concentration, the retention of Pb in waste liquor gradually increased, indicating that salt stress impedes the absorption of lead ions in wastewater by Acorus calamus root system, and the higher the salt concentration, the stronger the inhibitory capacity.
Key words:Acorus calamus;Salt tolerance;lead;Chlorophyll fluorescence
目录
1.绪论 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 植物净化污水的机理 2
1.3 盐胁迫对植物的影响 2
1.4铅对植物的影响 3
1.5 菖蒲概述 3
1.5.1 菖蒲的生物学特性 3
1.5.2 菖蒲的抗盐性研究现状 4
1.5.3 菖蒲的重金属抗性研究现状 4
1.6 本课题的研究内容及意义 5
2.实验部分 6
2.1 实验药品和仪器 6
2.2实验方法 6
2.3 分析方法 8
3.结果与分析 9
3.1 Pb与Nacl胁迫对菖蒲生长的影响 9
3.2 Pb与Nacl胁迫对菖蒲叶片叶绿素含量的影响 10
3.3 营养液废水中铅的含量分析 11
3.4 高盐含铅废水对菖蒲荧光特性的影响 12
4. 结果与讨论 14
致谢 16
参考文献 17
1绪论
1.1 前言
水资源是人类自然资源和经济资源的根本,它支撑着一个国家的经济发展和社会稳定,是控制生态系统稳定性的重要因素,也是一个国家综合国力的象征之一[1]。然而,全球的水污染已成为人类面临的严重问题。随着我国社会经济的高速发展,使得工业生产也同样的发展迅速,导致在工业、农业和生活中产生的大量废水被排入自然水体中,使水体受到严重的污染。据有关资料表明,中国9/10的城市水域遭到了严重的破坏,1/2的城镇水体不符合国家饮用水的标准,2/5的水体已经不能用来日常饮用[2]。多年以来,中国水资源质量越来越差,水生态环境恶化严重,我们经常能在一些报道上见到由于水体受到污染而导致的水缺乏和人类健康事故发生,不仅造成大量的工厂倒闭关门、经济作物产量减少甚至毫无收成[3],而且对社会的发展与稳定也造成了极为恶劣的影响,还使得国民经济经济损失严重,对人类社会的生存与发展构成了严重的威胁,成为阻碍人类健康、国家经济和社会可持续发展的重大要素之一。