摘要： 本文旨在通过观察冬桃与黄桃两种嫁接桃树木在校内（奉贤海湾地区）5月到12月期间的物候期（萌芽率、成枝率、生长量与落叶量），以黄桃为对照组，比较冬桃与黄桃在同一条件下生长发育的差异性，研究冬桃在奉贤区大量栽培的可行性与其中的经济效益。观察过程中考虑到许多或可影响桃树物候期变化的各个因素，如降雨量、空气湿度、日平均温度、风力等，同时将不完整的观测期与盐碱地也列入影响因素范畴内。结果表明，黄桃拥有多个萌芽与发枝的阶段，且生长量较大，落叶较早，可提前进入下一生长阶段使果实产量增加；而冬桃萌芽率与成枝率皆较高，有较长的落叶周期，且枝条基本较短。因此，两种桃树均可在海湾地区发展种植。

关键词：物候期；气候；差异性；种植建议；

Phenophase Observation and Study of Two Peach Trees in the Bay Area

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to through the observation DongTao and peach peach trees in the school two grafting (fengxian bay area) during may to December of the phenological period (germination rate, graft rate, growth and deciduous), yellow peach as the control group, comparing DongTao and yellow peach under the condition of the same, the difference of the growth and development research DongTao in the cross of the feasibility of a large number of cultivation and its economic benefits. Given that many in the process of observation or the factors that can affect the peach tree phenology period change, such as daily average temperature, rainfall, air humidity, wind, etc., at the same time will be incomplete evaluated and saline-alkali land is also included in the category. The results showed that the yellow peach had multiple stages of germination and shoot, and the growth was larger, the leaves were early, and the yield of fruit could be increased in the next growth stage. However, the germination rate and yield of winter peach were both higher, with longer leaf litter  

and shorter branches. Therefore, both kinds of peach trees can be cultivated in the bay area.

Keywords: Phenophase; climate; difference ; planting advice;

目录

1. 绪论 1

1.1 前言 1

1.2 文献综述 2

1.2.1 萌芽力 2

1.2.2 成枝力 2

1.2.3 枝条生长量 3

1.2.4 落叶量 3

2. 材料与方法 5

2.1 材料 5

2.1.1 冬桃 5

2.1.2 黄桃 6

2.2 观测方法 7

2.2.1 萌芽率的测定 7

2.2.2 成枝率的测定 8

2.2.3 生长量的测定 8

2.2.4 落叶量的测定 8

3. 结果与分析 10

3.1 萌芽率 10

3.2 成枝率 12

3.3 生长量 14

3.4 落叶量 19

4. 讨论与结论 22

5. 参考文献 23

6. 致谢 24

1. 绪论

1.1 前言

冬桃属于晚熟桃品种，具有抗寒耐旱的特点，而冬季正值水果淡季，冬桃不仅可以弥补消费者对新鲜水果的需求，且种植效益显著。但奉贤冬桃市场并不尽如人意，该地区冬桃仍主要从其他地区果园购入，本地冬桃培育品种存在产量低、个小、口感苦涩或无味等问题。

反观奉贤黄桃，产量高且品质良好，甚至在2010年,被国家质检总局认定为国家地理标志产品,并作为上海世博会特供水果走进世博，出现在各大超市。可见奉贤地区对于黄桃栽培技术已经较为成熟，能够大批量向外出产，获得巨大的经济效益，被称作当地农民的“摇钱树”。

完整物候期过程有：芽孢、发芽、展叶、花蕾、开花、果实或种子成熟、果实或种子脱落、叶变色、落叶等。本次通过观察对比嫁接冬桃与黄桃在同种土壤气候条件下各自萌芽率、成枝率、生长量与落叶量等数据变化，发现冬桃成活率较黄桃更高，但黄桃长势更好，健康黄桃更易成枝，枝叶更为茂密且落叶期持续时间更长。