摘要：银耳作为我国传统的滋补品被人们熟知。银耳也可叫作白木耳，其在古时候就作为宫庭御用食品。有“降火、滋补生津，强壮身体、补气和血等功效。据文献报道，银耳中最基本的活性成份即为银耳多糖，本课题以银耳子实体为研究对象，通过高压水提法得到银耳水提液，优化改进制备工艺。同时对其多糖含量及抑菌、保湿、抗氧化能力进行了测量，为开发利用银耳功效提供相应的理论依据。经过正交试验得出本实验范围内最佳制备条件为料液比1：60；提取时间0.5h；超声功率250W，并分析得出料液比在银耳水提液的制备工艺中对最后提取得到的多糖量影响最大。银耳水提液的保湿性能优于其他方法处理后的样品。不同处理方法处理后的样品对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制效果，其抗氧化能力没有显著的区别。

关键词： 银耳多糖；水提液制备；工艺优化；生物活性

Preparation of tremella water extract and bioactivity

Abstract：It is reported that tremella polysaccharide is the key active ingredient of tremella. In this paper, tremella is used as the research object, and the preparation process is improved by using the high temperature and high pressure water extraction method. It also measures the content of polysaccharide in water extract, antioxidant capacity, moisturizing ability and bacteriostatic ability, which provides theoretical reference for the development and utilization of tremella efficacy components. Through the orthogonal test, the optimum preparation conditions in this experiment were 1:60, the extraction time was 0.5h, the ultrasonic power was 250W, and it was found that the ratio of the material to liquid was the most important to the last extracted polysaccharide in the preparation process of Tremella water extract. The moisturizing performance of Tremella water extract is better than that of other methods. The samples treated by different treatment methods had inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and there was no significant difference in antioxidative capacity.

KeyWords：Tremella Polysaccharides; water extract preparation; Process optimization; Biological activity

目录

1绪论…1

1.1银耳简介…1

1.2银耳的分布1

1.3 银耳的营养成分2

1.4 多糖概述…2

1.4.1 多糖简介…2

1.4.2 多糖的应用价值3

1.4.3 银耳多糖的结构特点及分类…6

1.4.4 银耳多糖的生物活性研究进展7

2 材料与方法…8

 2.1 材料试剂8

 2.2 仪器设备8

 2.3 试验方法9

   2.3.1 银耳水提液的制备9

   2.3.2 工艺优化9

   2.3.3 银耳水提液生物活性研究…11

3 结果与分析…12

 3.1 正交试验12

3.1.1 标准曲线绘制与总糖计算…12

3.3.2 正交实验分析13

 3.2 保湿能力试验15

 3.3 抑菌能力16

 3.4 抗氧化能力…17

4 结论与展望…17

 4.1 结论18

 4.2 展望18

5 致谢19

参考文献

1. 绪论

1.1 银耳简介

银耳（Tremella fueiformls）属于全球公认的一种重要药材及珍贵食用菌，位列有隔担子菌亚纲银耳科的这种大型高等真菌[1]的药用功效在我国的《中国药学大辞典》（近代），《本草纲目》（明），《神农本草经》（汉）均有记述。银耳包含多种人体所需氨基酸，营养丰富，其中部分为必需氨基酸，同时更加接近于人体需要，是优质蛋白的一个基本来源途径[2]。银耳的矿物元素、维生素的数量比较高，银耳干品中，磷含量为250mg/100g、铁含量为180mg/100g、巧含量为350mg/100g等。而且银耳内同样还有类似于阿拉伯树胶的成分，可以将皮下组织的丰满度有效提升，能有效保持皮肤紧度，体现出特定的养颜功效[3]。银耳生物活性突出，且其大多数活性全部源于其中的银耳多糖。银耳多糖为银耳活性成分。