Abstract：William Golding（1911-1993）is a British novelist and poet of great influence. He is the winner of the 1983 Nobel Prize in Literature. William Golding was born in an intellectual family in Cornwall which was located in the southwest of England, and began writing at the age of seven. Golding inherited his father’s sensible personality, and he loved literature from childhood. His novels are rich in moral. Besides, they are widely involved with classical literature, myth, and symbolism. Among his novels, Lord of the Flies (1954), The Inheritors (1955), Pincher Martin (1956) and Darkness Visible (1979) are very influential in literary world. The theme of Golding’s works is generally linked with dark evil, but his novels also express optimism to some degree. Lord of the Flies (1954) is his first novel, which highlights the theme that he has been exploring: the human nature of barbarism and the rational struggle of civilization. The novel also laid the world reputation of the Golding. Lord of the Flies is set on the desert island, profoundly demonstrates the human nature of the unknown evil side, and therefore become the masterpiece of British Desert island novel in 20th century.

Lord of the Flies is a significant philosophical novel, which explores the serious subject of the evil of humanity by virtue of the innocence of the child. The author embodies the abstract philosophical proposition, so that readers can understand more deeply by reading fascinating stories and furious battle scenes, and the characters, scenes, stories, images are deeply symbolic. This paper expounds the themes of good and evil in novels by means of symbolism, from the two aspects of good and evil

represented by the characters and material objects in the novel. Using many symbolic examples, Golding tells readers that although the human nature has the evil side, but the greatest enemy is human themselves. More importantly, Golding implies the way of salvation for human behind the theme of evil humanity.

Key Words: William Golding     Lord of the Flies     Symbolism     Humanity     Salvation

摘  要：威廉·戈尔丁（1911-1993）是一位很有影响力的英国小说家，诗人，他也是1983年诺贝尔文学奖获得者。威廉·戈尔丁出生于英格兰西南角康沃尔郡一个知识分子家庭，7岁开始写作。戈尔丁秉承了父亲理智的特性，自小喜好文学。他的小说有着丰富的寓意。并且小说中广泛地融入了古典文学，神话和象征主义。在他的诸多小说中，《蝇王》（1955）、《继承者》（1956）、《品彻·马丁》（1957）和《黑暗昭昭》（1976）在学术圈很有影响力。戈尔丁作品的主题普遍是与黑暗和邪恶有关，但他的小说中在一定程度上也表达一种乐观主义。他的第一本小说《蝇王》（1954）强调了他一直探讨的主题：人类与生俱来的野蛮与文明的理性的斗争。也是这部小说奠定了戈尔丁的世界声誉。《蝇王》以荒岛为背景，深刻地表现了人性中不为人知的邪恶的一面，并因此成为英国荒岛小说在20世纪的代表作品。

《蝇王》是一本具有深远意义的哲理小说，它借小孩的天真来探讨人性恶这一严肃的主题。作者使抽象的哲理命题变得具体化，让读者通过读一些引人入胜的故事和激烈的争斗场面得以更加深刻的理解，并且人物、场景、故事和意象等都具有深刻的象征意义。本文运用象征主义手法，从小说中主人公和实物所代表的善与恶两方面阐述小说中善与恶的主题。戈尔丁通过运用许多象征性的例子，告诉读者虽然人性中有性恶的一面，然而最大的敌人却是人类自己。更重要的是，戈尔丁在人性恶的主题下还为人类暗示了一条救赎之路。

关键词：威廉·戈尔丁     《蝇王》     象征主义     人性     救赎