杭州经济技术开发区主要河道水体水质评价研究

根据杭州经济开发区主要河道水体水质监测数据和评价结果,以《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)为依据,采用单指标评价法,若有一项评价指标超标即判定该采样点的水质超标。


摘    要:通过对2017年11月(枯水期)杭州经济开发区主要河道水体中总磷、总氮、氨氮的含量分析,并运用综合营养指数法对水体富营养化级别进行评价,以此阐明杭州经济技术开发区主要河道水体水质的现状。研究结果表明:①杭州经济开发区主要河道的20个采样点水质都存在不同程度的污染,除了采样点三堡二线船闸水质达到地表水环境质量V类水的要求,其余19个采样点的水质均属于劣V类。②杭州经济开发区主要河道水体的营养状态为中营养,总磷的含量均在地表水环境质量V类标准范围内,而总氮超过地表水环境质量V类标准89%,氨氮含量超标的是采样点九沙大桥和机场港桥,分别超过地表水环境质量V类标准39%和23%。可见主要的污染指标为总氮和氨氮。③杭州经济开发区主要河道水体污染的本质必须通过“五水共治”来解决,以保持长远的绿色和持续发展。

Abstract:In November 2017 in hangzhou economic development zone, main river water of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen content analysis, and comprehensive nutrition index method is used to evaluate the level of eutrophication, in order to clarify the current situation of hangzhou economic and technological development zone main river water quality. The results show that:①hangzhou economic development zone, the main river channel 20 sample point there are different levels of water quality pollution, in addition to the grand sampling point at second-line shiplock water quality reached the requirements of surface water environment quality V class water, the remaining 19 samples of water quality are bad V kind.②hangzhou economic development zone, mainly in the nutrition state of river water for nutrition, the content of total phosphorus in surface water environment quality V class standard range, and total nitrogen is more than 89% of the surface water environment quality V class standards, excessive amounts of ammonia nitrogen content is nine sand sample point bridge, port and airport bridge respectively over 39% and 23% V type surface water environment quality standards. The main pollution indicators are total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen.③The essence of water pollution in the main river of hangzhou economic development zone must be solved through "five water co-treatment" to maintain long-term green and sustainable development.

关键词:杭州经济开发区; 城市河道; 水质现状

Key words:Hangzhou economic development zone; Urban river; The water quality status

目    录

引言 1

1 材料与方法 2

1.1采样点设置与采样 2

1.2检测指标及评价方法 3

1.2.1检测指标及方法 3

1.2.2评价方法 5

2结果与分析 6

2.1河道水体理化性质分析 6

2.2河道TN、TP和NH3-N营养状态分析 8

2.3河道水体富营养化特征分析 9

3讨论 11

4结论与对策 12

4.1杭州经济技术开发区河道水体现状 12

4.2改善对策的提出 12

参考文献 14

致谢 16

引言

近年来,随着中国经济的快速发展和城市化进程的加快,人民生活水平的不断提高,生活污水和废水的不合理排放量显著增加,以致我国大多数河道受到了不同程度的污染。据调查,大约有80%以上的城市河道受到污染,现象表现为水体发黑发臭以及富营养化,大部分河道的水质达不到地表水V类水质的要求[1]。城市河道的水质污染严重阻碍了我国经济的发展,水污染治理迫在眉睫。

杭州经济技术开发区坐落于杭州城区的东部,东部为白杨街道,南部相临钱塘江,西部与九堡街道相连,北部与余杭区交界 [2]。以钱塘江和生态湿地为资源,大力打造开发区的生态工程,例如沿江的景观大道、湿地的生态公园以及高教园区的景观带等,这些元素构成了河渠交错、绿树成荫、鸟语花香的独特城市品质[3]。