中厚板机器人激光焊接工艺试验研究

本文针对铝合金中厚板传统熔化焊焊接效率低、力学性能差变形大等缺点,开展铝合金中厚板机器人激光填丝焊技术研究。


摘要:本文针对铝合金中厚板传统熔化焊焊接效率低、力学性能差变形大等缺点,开展铝合金中厚板机器人激光填丝焊技术研究。分析焊缝中存在的缺陷、金相组织,结合对焊接接头的力学性能实验,研究焊接参数的影响,得到优化的工艺参数。

铝合金中厚板机器人激光填丝焊研究结果表明:离焦量+10mm,焊接速度0.48m/min,送丝速度8m/min,激光功率4kw的12mm铝合金的激光填丝焊焊接接头成形美观,性能良好。通过一层激光打底焊和若干层激光填丝焊完成的12mm厚的对接接头与单纯的激光填丝焊相比,在保证角变形较小的情况下,填丝焊的焊接接头成形比打底焊的焊接接头好。激光填丝焊的焊接效率高,,焊缝成形美观,焊接接头性能良好,但仍存在焊接变形,焊缝中存在少量的气孔、裂纹等缺陷。

关键词 铝合金 激光焊 焊接缺陷 组织性能

毕业设计说明书外文摘要

Title  Experimental study on laser welding process of heavy plate robot              

 

Abstract:In this paper, aiming at the defects of low efficiency, poor mechanical performance and large deformation of traditional melting welding of aluminum alloy plate, the technology of laser wire filling welding for aluminum alloy heavy plate robot has been developed. Analysis of the defects in the weld, metallographic structure, combined with the mechanical properties of the welded joint experiment, to study the influence of welding parameters, to optimize the process parameters.

Fill in the Aluminum Alloy plate robot laser welding research results show that the defocusing amount is +10mm, welding speed 0.48m/min, wire speed 8m/min, 12mm laser welding joint appearance Aluminum Alloy 4kw laser filler wire welding, good performance. Through a layer of laser welding and butt joint compared with the backing of several layers of laser welding with filler wire to complete 12mm thick and pure laser welding with filler wire, the smaller deformation guarantee angle, weld joint welding forming than backing welding joint. The welding efficiency of laser wire filling welding is high, the welding seam is beautiful and the welding joint performance is good, but the welding deformation still exists, and there are a lot of defects such as blowhole and crack in the weld.

Keywords   Aluminium alloy    Laser welding   Welding defects  Microstructure and properties  

目   次

1   引言  1

1.1 研究背景及意义    1

1.2 铝合金   1

1.3 激光焊接的研究现状   3

2   实验设备、材料及方法   5

2.1 实验设备  5

2.2实验材料及处理    6

2.3检验方法和设备   6

3   铝合金的激光焊接   8

3.1 铝合金激光填丝焊焊接研究   8

3.2 焊接参数研究   9

3.3 焊接缺陷分析  13

4   焊缝微观组织及性能分析  16

4.1 焊缝微观组织分析    16

4.2 拉伸性能试验  18

4.3 显微硬度分析  19

结论  21

致谢  22

参考文献23

1 引言

1.1 研究背景及意义

随着中国经济的发展,尤其中国在船舶制造、航空航天,石油化工、建筑等领域的高速发展,使中厚板的应用更加广泛,也对中厚板的焊接技术的研究也愈加深入,发展高效可靠的中厚板焊接技术是制造大型构件的关键技术之一。

激光焊接是近年来兴起的一种优秀的焊接技术[1]。激光焊接的热输入小使焊接接头热影响区小,焊接接头的变形量小,单道可焊接厚度大,单面焊双面成形,效率高等优点,已经广泛用于各种焊接领域。机器人自动化焊接[2]与激光焊接方法的结合,能够进一步提高焊接效率,控制焊缝成形,稳定接头质量。同时,由于激光的能量密度大、焊接速度快,热影响区很窄,能够显著的提升焊缝接头的力学性能,得到优质的焊缝。因此,研究中厚板机器人激光焊接的工艺试验研究对中厚板焊接的焊接效率和焊接质量有重要意义。