摘要：本文结合管壳式换热器的生产组装流程研以及发展趋势，对大型管壳式换热器在组装中换热管安装方式做调查研究，设计出一种半自动化的换热管穿管装置。通过设计一种活塞式液压缸实现穿管机的上下一下，设计一个主轴与电机、联轴器等相连带动换热管的运动，设计下支撑架的滚子实现穿管机的横向移动，穿管机的整体零部件的尺寸确定以及布局等。在每个零部件的设计的过程中，都要进行大量的选型、计算、校核，选择和设计出合适的零件。经过校核，各装置满足要求，切实可行，达到设计预期的要求。

本次毕业设计的穿管机主要作用是辅助工人安装换热管的。使得大量的换热管可以快速高效又不损伤管壁的情况下快速完成换热管的组装。换热管穿管装置设计的实现，能够大大节省人力，提升组装效率。

关键词：管壳式换热器；穿管机；液压缸；换热管；轮子

Heat Exchanger Pipe Wearing Device Design

Astract: In this paper, combining the research and development trend of production and assembly processes of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, the investigation of the installation methods of large-scale shell-and-tube heat exchangers in the assembly of heat exchanger tubes was investigated and a semi-automatic heat-exchanger tube piercing device was designed.By designing a piston-type hydraulic cylinder to realize the up and down of the pipe piercing machine, a spindle is designed to drive the movement of the heat exchange pipe connected with the motor, the coupling, etc., and the roller of the support frame is designed to realize the lateral movement of the pipe piercing machine. The size and layout of the overall parts of the tube machine. In the process of designing each component, a large number of selections, calculations, and checks must be performed to select and design the appropriate parts. After verification, each device meets the requirements, is feasible and meets the design expectations.

The main purpose of this graduated designed pipe piercing machine is to assist workers in installing heat exchange tubes. A large number of heat exchange tubes can quickly complete the assembly of heat exchange tubes without damaging the wall. . The realization of design of the heat exchange tube piercing device can greatly save manpower and improve assembly efficiency.

Key words:Shell-and-tube heat exchanger; pipe-piercing machine; hydraulic cylinder; heat exchange tube;

目录

第1章绪论 1

1.1课题背景 1

1.2换热器 1

1.3换热器的国内外研究现状 2

1.3.1换热器的国内研究现状 2

1.3.2换热器的国外研究现状 2

1.4换热管穿管遇到的问题 3

1.5课题意义 4

第2章换热管穿管装置布局分析和设计 4

2.1穿管机布局分析 4

2.2穿管方案 6

2.3方案总结 6

第3章换热管穿管机主体设计 7

3.1液压缸主要设计技术参数 7

3.2液压缸缸体结构形式的确定 7

3.3液压缸性能参数与结构参数的计算 7

3.3.2液压缸负载力分析和计算 8

3.3.3液压缸的液压力计算和工作压力选择 8

3.3.4液压缸基本参数的计算 9

3.3.5液压缸速度计算和流量选择 10

3.3.6液压缸综合结构参数及安全系数的选择 10

3.4缸筒设计与计算 11

3.4.1缸筒与缸盖的连接方式 11

3.4.2缸筒的计算 11

3.4.3缸筒壁厚的验算 12

3.4.4缸筒底部厚度 13

3.4.5缸筒头部法兰厚度 13

3.4.6缸盖的材料和技术要求 14

3.5活塞组件设计 14

3.5.1活塞设计 14

3.5.2活塞与活塞杆的连接结构 14

3.5.3活塞杆设计 15

3.5.4活塞杆的密封与防尘 15

3.5.5导向套的设计计算 15

3.5.6缸体长度的确定 16

3.6活塞杆及连接强度校核 16

3.6.1活塞杆强度校核 16

3.6.2活塞杆液压缸稳定性校核 17