摘要：塔设备广泛用于蒸馏、吸收、气提、萃取等单元操作中。塔设备主要是机械设计确定塔设备的各细部结构外，并进行校核工作，以保证设计完成的塔设备能够正常运转。原油初馏塔是化工设备中比较基础的设备，也是石油炼化中最重要的设备之一，它是石油转化为下游产品的关键设备，初馏塔的设计决定了石油转化后的成分和转化效率。

在分析了原油蒸馏塔的设计条件之后，确定了设计方案。选择原油初馏塔塔体，内部零件及配件所需材料，通过查阅资料，计算设计塔体数据和相关内件和各零部件数值，从而得到塔体的各种参数和数据，再进行风载和地震载荷实验校核，并给出相关技术要求。在原油初馏塔的结构设计过程中参考相关的GB150标准进行设计，使设计能够符合相关标准。同时要使设计的结构满足生产的需要，达到安全生产的要求。

关键词：原油初馏塔设计；工艺计算；强度校核

Design of crude distillation tower

Abstract：Tower equipment is widely used in distillation, absorption, gas extraction, extraction and other unit operations. The tower equipment is mainly mechanical design to determine the detail structure of the tower equipment, and check it to ensure that the tower equipment designed can run normally. The crude oil distillation column is the basic equipment in chemical equipment, and it is also one of the most important equipment in petroleum refining and refining. It is the key equipment for the conversion of petroleum into the downstream products. The design of the primary distillation column determines the composition and conversion efficiency after the conversion of petroleum.

After analyzing the design conditions of the crude distillation tower, the design scheme is determined. In order to obtain the parameters and data of the tower body, the data of the tower body and the data of the tower body are calculated by the selection of the material required for the primary distillation tower and the material needed for the internal parts and parts. In the process of structural design of crude oil primary distillation tower, reference is made to design with reference to the relevant GB150 standards, so that the design can meet the relevant standards. At the same time, it is necessary to make the design structure meet the needs of production and achieve the requirements of safety production.

Key words: crude oil primary distillation column, tray, design, strength check

目  录

1  课题简介 1

2  初馏塔的可行性分析   2

3  设计方案的确定及流程说明4

  3.1精馏塔对塔设备的要求        4

  3.2塔的类型选择       5

3.2.1初步选型    5

        3.2.2新型浮阀塔       8

3.3塔压力    9

3.4进料状态   10

3.5塔釜加热方式      10

3.6塔顶的冷凝模式  10

3.7塔板溢流形式  10

3.8回流比的选择11

3.9操作流程   14

3.10裙座材料的选择   15

4  塔的工艺设计计算      16

4.1 计算塔体和封头厚度   16

4.1.1 塔体厚度     16

        4.1.2 计算封头的厚度 16

4.1.3 塔板的尺寸   16

4.1.4 接管法兰     17

4.1.5 接管法兰结构参数 17

4.1.6 接管法兰的密封面形式18

4.1.7接管法兰垫片  18

4.1.8 工艺接管  18

      4.2 塔设备的质量载荷 19

4.2.1 筒体封头（包括裙座）的质量计算   19

4.2.2 塔中的构件质量计算      20

4.2.3 计算保温层质量 20

4.2.4 计算平台和扶梯的质量  21

4.2.5 计算操作中物料的质量  21