摘要： 燕麦是我国的优质杂粮资源之一，是目前唯一的全谷物进食、有益健康的食品。燕麦生物碱是燕麦中特有的功能性组分，不仅具有较强的体内和体外抗氧化作用，还具有抗动脉硬化、抗炎止痒活性和美容功效。本课题以燕麦麸皮为研究对象，从燕麦生物碱的组成成分、功能、提取方法以及生理活性等方面展开研究。通过超声来提取燕麦当中的生物碱，分别考查了提取次数、乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间和液料比对燕麦生物碱得率的影响；在单因素的基础上，利用响应面对影响燕麦生物碱得率的3个主要因素进行优化；最后对燕麦生物碱进行一系列的抗氧化活性研究。结果表明，单因素优化条件为：提取次数为2次、乙醇浓度为50%、提取温度35℃、提取时间30min和液料比35：1（v:m）。响应面优化结果为：乙醇浓度为49.55％，提取功率492.73W，料液比33.7mL/g。在此条件下，燕麦生物碱得率的预测值为0.964％，验证实验得到实际燕麦生物碱的平均得率为0.945％，与理论预测值相比，其相对误差约为1.97%。抗氧化活性研究结果显示，燕麦生物碱具有良好的抗氧化活性，效果与Vc相当。该实验结果为燕麦生物碱的提取及性质研究提供了理论依据。

关键词: 燕麦生物碱; 提取; 相应面; 抗氧化活性

Research progress of avenanthramides

ABSTRACT:Oats are one of China's high-quality miscellaneous grains. It is the only whole grain edible and healthy food. Oat alkaloids are unique functional components in oats. They not only have strong antioxidant effects in vivo and in vitro, but also have anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory and antipruritic activity and cosmetic efficacy. This project takes oat bran as the research object, and studies the composition, function, extraction method and physiological activity of oat alkaloids. The alkaloids in oats were extracted by ultrasound, and the effects of the extraction times, ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, extraction time, and liquid-feed ratio on the yield of oat alkaloids were examined. On the basis of single factors, the response was used to influence oats. The three main factors of alkaloid yield were optimized; finally, a series of antioxidative activities of alkaloids were studied. The results showed that the single factor optimization conditions were as follows: extraction times 2, ethanol concentration 50%, extraction temperature 35°C, extraction time 30 min, and liquid to material ratio 35:1 (v:m). Response surface optimization results showed that ethanol concentration was 49.55%, extraction power was 492.73W, and material-liquid ratio was 33.7 mL/g. Under this condition, the predicted value of oat alkaloid yield was 0.964%. The average yield of actual alkaloids obtained from the validation experiment was 0.945%. Compared with the theoretical prediction, the relative error was about 1.97%. Antioxidant activity results showed that oat alkaloids have good antioxidant activity and the effect is comparable to Vc. The experimental results provide a theoretical basis for the extraction and properties of oat alkaloids.

KEY WORDS: Alkaloids; extract; Corresponding surface; Antioxidant activity

目录

1.绪论 1

1.1燕麦生物碱的概念及功能 1

1.1.1燕麦生物碱的概念 1

1.1.2燕麦生物碱的功能 1

1.2燕麦生物碱的抗氧化性 4

1.2.1抗氧化的概念 4

1.2.2作用机理 4

1.3燕麦生物碱的国内外研究现状 4

1.4选题目的及意义 5

1.4.1选题目的 5

1.4.2 选题意义 5

2  实验部分 6

2.1实验材料与仪器 6

2.2仪器与设备 6

2.3试验方法 6

2.3.1 提取燕麦生物碱的工艺流程 6

2.3.2 提取方法 6

2.3.3燕麦生物碱含量的测定方法 6

2.3.4 燕麦生物碱提取的单因素试验 7

2.4 响应面的优化 7

2.5 燕麦生物碱体外抗氧化活性试验 8