摘要：本文采用实地研究的方法，对上海闵行区文馨苑社区在生态社区建设中的集体行动事件进行了深入解读与分析，呈现了社区治理中多方从参与到合作共赢的实现过程。研究发现，合作共赢这一集体行动的达成，不仅是参与方出于理性计算的利益驱动，还包括在社会变迁过程中一代人出于共同的生活记忆所引发的情感共鸣。一方面，社区组织在多方参与的集体行动中得以孕育；另一方面，社区组织又促进了社区参与中的社区意识的实现，推进了社区治理中的多方合作与共赢。经由社区居民集体行动结成的生态社群，激发了居民的社会参与意识、行为和能力，增强了居民社区治理的主体性。本文认为要推进合作性的集体行动，离不开以下三个要素。一是资源整合意识与能力；二是虚拟社群的运营和维护；三是持续引发居民参与行为的产品和服务。另外，社区社会组织的能力建设也离不开第三方的培育。

关键词：生态社区；社区建设；集体行动；社区治理；社区参与

Collective Action in the Construction of Ecological Community：Participation, Cooperation and Win-win Results in Community Governance

Abstract: This paper adopts the method of field research, Minhang district of Shanghai Wen Xinyuan community collective action in the construction of ecological community events held in-depth interpretation and analysis, presented in the community governance from involved in the implementation process of win-win cooperation. The study found that the collective action to achieve win-win cooperation, is not only the participants out of rational calculation of profit drive, also included in the process of social change which caused by the generation of common life memory of emotional resonance. On the one hand, community organizations are nurtured in multi-participatory collective actions. On the other hand, community organizations promote the realization of community awareness in community participation and promote multi-party cooperation and win-win results in community governance. The ecological community formed by the collective action of community residents has stimulated the residents' social participation consciousness, behavior and ability, and enhanced the subjectivity of community governance. This paper holds that the following three elements are essential to promote cooperative collective action. First, the consciousness and ability of resource integration; Second, the operation and maintenance of virtual community; Third, products and services that continue to trigger residents' participation. In addition, the capacity building of community social organizations cannot be separated from the cultivation of third parties.

Keywords: Ecological community, community construction, collective action, community governance, community participation

目  录

一、问题的提出 1

（一）第三部门力量发展缓慢 1

（二）社区治理中的行政性色彩浓厚 1

（三）相关法律法规及制度政策等保障体系不健全 2

二、核心概念界定 4

（一）社区治理的概念界定 4

（二）集体行动的概念界定 5

（三）生态社区的概念界定 5

三、生态社区建设中的合作性集体行动是如何达成的？ 7

（一）萌芽期：从环保达人家的小院里诞生的社会组织 8

（二）发展期：社会记忆的重构——合作性集体行动背后的价值认同 12

（三）转型期：可持续发展教育——参与意识和能力的全面提升 15

四、社区治理中合作实现的策略与行动框架 18

（一）培养资源整合意识，加强资源整合能力 18

（二）重视虚拟社群的运营和维护 20

（三）开发能持续引发居民参与行为的产品和服务 22

五、相关问题的进一步讨论 25

致谢 26

参考文献 28