摘要：本课题研究了穿心莲等十种中草药（代号分别为W-1至W-10）提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌以及酵母菌的抑菌作用。首先，通过两种方法分别对10种中草药进行提取。其次，通过纸片扩散法进行抑菌圈试验，分别对中草药提取液进行不同菌种的抑菌效果初筛，挑选出抑菌效果比较好的中草药提取液，分别用二倍稀释法测定它们的最小抑菌浓度值（MIC）。最后挑选出两种有具有较全面抑菌效果的中草药，用单因素实验优化提取方法。研究结果表明W-7对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果最好，W-9对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果最好，W-10对绿脓杆菌的抑菌效果最好，W-9对酵母菌的抑菌效果最好。单因素实验结果表明W-7的较佳的提取条件为：提取温度70℃，乙醇浓度60%，料液比1:15，回流提取3h；W-10的较优佳提取条件为：提取温度75℃，乙醇浓度75%，料液比1:10，回流提取2h。

关键词： 中草药；提取；抑菌圈；最小抑菌浓度（MIC）

Study on the Extraction and Antibacterial Properties of Andrographis Paniculata and Other 9 Kinds of Chinese Herbal Medicines

Abstract：In this paper, the extract of Andrographis Paniculata and other 9 kinds of Chinese Herbal Medicines, (code-named W-1 to W-10), the antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and yeast were studied. Firstly, the extract of 10 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines were obtained through two kinds of extract method. Then, the extracts of Chinese herbal medicines with better antibacterial effects were screened based on the bacteriostatic circle test against different strains, and their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC) were determined by the tube dilution method. Finally, two kinds of Chinese herbal medicines with more comprehensively antibacterial effects were selected, and the single factor experiment was used to optimize the extraction process. The results showed that the bacteriostatic effect of W-7 on Staphylococcus aureus, the effect of W-9 on Escherichia coli, the effect of W-10 on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the effect of W-9 on Saccharomyces cerevisiae were the best,respectively. The optimum extraction conditions of W-7 were as follows: the extract time of 3h, the extract temperature of 70℃, the ethanol concentration of 60% and the material to liquid ratio of 1:15. The optimum extraction conditions of W-10 were as follows: the extract time of 2h, the extract temperature of 75℃, the ethanol concentration of 75% and the material to liquid ratio of 1:10.

Keywords：Chinese Herbal Medicine; Extraction; Bacteriostatic Circle; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC)

目录

1 绪论 1

1.1化妆品用中草药防腐剂概况 1

1.2中草药抑菌的活性成分 1

1.2.1 黄酮类 1

1.2.2 生物碱类 2

1.2.3 醌类化合物 2

1.2.4 有机酸类 2

1.2.5 挥发油类 2

1.2.6 多糖类 3

1.2.7 鞣质 3

1.3 中草药的防腐抑菌机理 3

1.4 中草药的提取方法 3

1.4.1 回流法 3

1.4.2 煎煮法 3

1.4.3 浸渍法 4

1.4.4 水蒸气蒸馏法 4

1.4.5 渗漉法 4

1.5本课题研究的目的与意义 4

2 实验材料与方法 5

2.1使用的材料试剂、仪器设备 5

2.1.1  中草药 5

2.1.2  培养基 5

2.1.3  供试菌种 5

2.1.4  仪器与设备 5

2.2  采取的方法、技术 6

2.2.1中草药的提取方法一 6

2.2.2中草药的提取方法二 6

2.2.3 抑菌实验（纸片扩散法）： 7

2.2.4 最小抑菌浓度测定MIC（二倍稀释法）： 7

2.2.5单因素实验 8

3 实验结果与分析 10

3.1方法一提取的中草药提取液抑菌试验结果 10

3.2方法二提取的中草药提取液抑菌试验结果 12

3.3最小抑菌浓度测定MIC（倍比稀释法） 14

3.3.1不同的中草药提取液对大肠杆菌的MIC值 14