摘要： 本实验的研究对象是萱草花。通过对萱草花花苞、盛开、衰败三种不同花期进行理化指标的研究以确定萱草花的最优花期。进而研究红色、黄色、紫色三种不同花色的萱草花在最优花期下的理化指标并确定萱草花的最优花色。最后研究萱草花在热风干燥、真空干燥、真空冷冻干燥三种不同干燥方式后的理化指标以确定最优的干燥优化方式。其中理化指标包括萱草花的水分含量、粗脂肪含量、灰分含量、抗氧化性、色差、香气等。通过实验，萱草花的最优花期为盛开花期，最优花色为黄色花色，最优干燥方式为真空冷冻干燥。萱草花拥有多种药用成分，这些成分对人体健康十分有益。因此决定使用萱草花在最优干燥方式下的花粉来制作一款萱草花海绵蛋糕。通过实验和品质评价，添加真空冷冻干燥后花粉的蛋糕为最优萱草花海绵蛋年糕。

关键词： 萱草花；干燥工艺；理化指标；海绵蛋糕

Optimization of the drying process of daylily and the development of sponge cake

Abstract： The object of this experiment is the flower of daylily. The optimum florescence of daylily was studied by studying the physical and chemical indexes of three different florescence of flower bud, blooming and decaying of daylily. Then we studied the physical and chemical indexes of three different colors of daylily, which were red, yellow and purple, and determined the optimal flower color of daylily. At last, the physical and chemical indexes of three different drying methods of daylily after hot air drying, vacuum drying and vacuum freeze drying were studied to determine the optimum drying optimization method. The physical and chemical indexes include water content, crude fat content, ash content, antioxidant activity, color difference and aroma of daylily. Through experiments, the optimal florescence of daylily is blooming, the best flower color is yellow flower color, and the best drying method is vacuum freeze-drying. Daylily has many medicinal ingredients, which are very beneficial to human health. Therefore, it is decided to use the pollen of daylily to make a daylily spongy sponge cake in the best drying way. Through the experiment and quality evaluation, the cake after vacuum freeze drying is added to the best day cake of daylily.

Key words:  Daylily；Drying process；Physicochemical index；Sponge cake

目录

摘要 i

Abstract i

目录 ii

1 绪论 1

1.1 萱草花 1

1.2 干燥工艺 1

1.2.1 热风干燥 1

1.2.2  真空干燥 1

1.2.3  真空冷冻干燥 2

1.3  色差分析 2

1.4 国内外研究现状 3

1.4.1 国外研究现状 3

1.4.2 国内研究现状 3

1.5 本文研究目的和研究内容 4

1.5.1 研究目的和意义 4

1.5.2 研究内容 5

1.6 课题研究线路图 5

2 材料和方法 7

2.1 试验材料 7

2.1.1 试验样品 7

2.1.2 试验试剂 7

2.1.3 仪器设备 8

2.2 试验方案 8

2.2.1 研究不同花期的萱草花的理化指标 8

2.2.2 研究不同花色的萱草花的理化指标 8

2.2.3 研究在不同干燥方式后萱草花的理化指标 8

2.3 试验方法 9

2.3.1 萱草花的水分测定实验 9

2.3.2 萱草花的色差测定 9

2.3.3 萱草花的粗脂肪测定实验 10

2.3.4 萱草花的灰分测定实验 10

2.3.5 萱草花的抗氧化性测定实验 11

2.3.6 萱草花不同干燥方式后的香气分析 11

2.3.7 萱草花海绵蛋糕的制作与评定 12

3 结果与讨论 15

3.1 萱草花的理化指标研究 15

3.1.1 不同花期的萱草花的理化指标 15

3.1.2 不同花色的萱草花的理化指标 15

3.1.4 在不同干燥方式后萱草花花粉的理化指标 17

3.1.5 在不同干燥方式后萱草花花粉的香气分析 18

3.2 萱草花预拌粉海绵蛋糕及其品质评价 22