摘要∶苹果皮是苹果汁发展中最主要的副产品，由于农药的施用，以及苹果皮本身口感问题，苹果皮多属于被扔弃的产物，然而研究表明苹果果皮中含有的有益物质，如苹果多酚，黄酮类远高于苹果果肉含有的量。其中根皮素，主要以根皮苷的形式存在于苹果皮和苹果根皮中的一种黄酮类物质。本文采用三种提取方法以红富士苹果皮为原料，研究了根皮素的提取工艺和最佳工艺条件。首先通过单一变量实验，确定了一定范围内，从根皮苷水解脱去糖苷基变成根皮素需要的盐酸用量所提取的效果最佳的是8mL6%的HCl。另外通过实验得出的最佳提取工艺为索氏提取法。通过单因素实验得出索氏提取法提取根皮素时，当苹果皮粉与乙醇的比例和回流提取次数一定时，提取液乙醇的浓度越高根皮素提取率越高；当提取液乙醇的浓度和回流提取次数一定时，苹果皮粉与乙醇的比例越大，根皮素率越高；提取液乙醇的浓度和苹果皮粉与乙醇的比例一定时，回流提取次数越多，根皮素提取率越高。正交试验得出的索氏提取法提取根皮素的最佳提取条件是∶乙醇浓度95%，苹果皮粉与乙醇的比例为1∶55，回流提取完成一次循环周期的次数为3次。

关键词∶ 红富士苹果皮、根皮素、工艺研究、正交试验

Study on Extraction Process of Phloretin in Apple Peel

Abstract∶Apple peel is the main by-product of the development of apple juice.Due to the application of pesticides and the problem of the apple skin itself, apple peels are mostly discarded products.However, studies have shown that the percentage of beneficial substances content which apple peel contains,such as apple polyphenols, and flavonoids is much higher than that of apple pulp. Among them, phloretin is mainly a flavonoid in the form of phlorizin in apple peel and apple root bark.Red Fuji apple is native to Japan, and China introduced it in 1966. The flavor of red Fuji is sweet and crisp,which is adorable and it is widely loved by the public.This article adopts three extraction methods to extract phloretin,extraction method, ultrasonic method and Soxhlet extraction method using the apple skin of Red Fuji as raw material to study the best extraction process and the most suitable conditions.First,through a single-variable experiment,it was determined that within a certain range,8 mL of 6% HCL was the best for extracting the amount of hydrochloric acid required for the hydrolysis of deglycosides from phloridzin to phloretin.In addition,the best extraction process obtained through experiments is Soxhlet extraction.Through single factor experiments,it is concluded that the Soxhlet extraction method extracts phloretin from three factors,when the proportion of apple peel powder and ethanol and the number of reflux extraction complete a certain cycle,the concentration of ethanol in the extract is higher effectively more complete extraction of phloretin;when the concentration of ethanol in the extract and the number of reflux cycles completed in one cycle,the ratio of apple peel powder to ethanol is greater in a certain concentration range,the more effective and more complete extraction of phloretin;when the concentration of ethanol in the extract and the proportion of apple peel powder and ethanol is fixed,the reflux extraction time must be within the range of the extraction times,and the more times the reflux extraction completes a cycle,the more effective it is,extract phloretin more completely.Orthogonal test results of the Soxhlet extraction method to extract phloretin is the best extraction conditions:the concentration of ethanol 95%,the ratio of apple peel powder and ethanol is 1:55,the number of reflux cycle extraction is completed 3 times.

Key Words∶Apple peel、phloretin、process research、orthogonal test

目录

1 绪论 1

1.1 苹果及根皮素概述 1

1.1.1 苹果概述 1

1.1.2 根皮素概述 1