摘要：随着国内金融改革的持续深化，我国银行业形成了以国有商业银行、股份制商业银行、城市商业银行和外资银行等为主体的竞争格局，银行业金融机构的数量已从工商银行成立之初的数十家发展到了四千多家。此外，大型国企、电商和第三方支付企业的跨界经营以及民营资本进入门槛的降低，意味着越来越多的“外来者”加入了银行业竞争的行列，对优质市场和客户的抢夺日趋白热化。近年来，中国工商银行虽然保持了净利润的稳健增长，但增幅细微，且国际竞争力和地位仍有待提高。本文通过对工商银行历史数据纵向分析和同业横向比较，并在实地考察的基础上增加SWOT分析。分别从内、外环境对工行进行准确、全面、系统的分析。最终发现，未来其需要在不良贷款、中间业务和海外经营方面做出改善，进一步强化其盈利能力。

关键词：盈利能力；国际竞争力；中国工商银行

The Research and Analysis of ICBC's Profitability

Abstract: With the continuous deepening of financial reform, the Chinese banking system has formed a competitive pattern with state-owned commercial banks, joint-equity commercial banks, urban commercial banks and foreign banks, and the number of banking financial institutions has developed from dozens to more than 4000 from the beginning of the establishment of ICBC. In addition, the cross-border operation of large state-owned enterprises, e-commerce and third party payment enterprises, and the entry threshold’s lowering of private capital means that more and more "outsiders" have joined the ranks of the competition in the banking system, which make the fighting for high quality markets and customers become white-hot day by day. In recent years, although ICBC has maintained a steady growth in net profit, its growth rate is slight, and its international competitiveness and position remain to be improved. In order to makes an accurate, comprehensive and systematic analysis of ICBC from the internal and external environment, this paper through the vertical analysis of the ICBC’s historical data and the comparative analysis of the same industry, and adds the SWOT analysis on the basis of field investigation. Finally, it finds that in order to strengthen the profitability of ICBC further, its needs to be improved in the aspects of non-performing loans, intermediate businesses and overseas operations.

Keywords: Profitability, International competitiveness, ICBC

目录

1 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景和意义 1

1.1.1 研究背景 1

1.1.2 研究意义 1

1.2 文献综述 2

1.2.1 银行业盈利能力研究理论框架的构造 2

1.2.2 影响银行盈利能力的主要因素 2

1.3 研究内容与方法 5

1.3.1 研究内容 5

1.3.2 研究方法 5

1.4 研究创新点 6

2 商业银行盈利能力分析的理论依据 6

2.1 盈利能力的概念 6

2.2 盈利能力分析的方法 7

2.2.1 比率分析法 7

2.2.2 趋势分析法 7

2.2.3 杜邦分析法 7

2.3 商业银行杜邦分析法建模 7

2.4 商业银行盈利能力的影响因素及分析指标 8

2.4.1 盈利性指标 8

2.4.2 营运效率指标 10

2.4.3 流动性指标 10

2.4.4 持续性指标 11

3 工商银行盈利能力分析 11

3.1 工商银行简介 11

3.2 工商银行历史纵向分析 12

3.3 工商银行同业横向分析 17

4 工商银行目前存在的经营问题 23

4.1 不良贷款率逐年上升，资产质量堪忧 23

4.2 盈利来源单一，经营理念保守 23

4.3 海外机构影响小，国际化经营程度低 24

5 改善工行盈利能力和国际同业竞争力的策略 24

5.1 实施三大质量提升工程，强化全行风险防控 24

5.2 拓展中间业务多元化，实现零售金融转型 24

5.3 紧随国家政策，推进海外业务 25