苏轼和陶《咏贫士》与陶诗原作之比较

苏轼《和陶咏贫士》与陶诗原作在内容方面,两者都是在极度贫困时所写的诗,里面有实际生活的内容,并通过描写古代贫士来勉励自己,不同之处在于苏诗对陶渊明所谓的“贫”来进行评论感


摘  要:苏轼《和陶咏贫士》与陶诗原作在内容方面,两者都是在极度贫困时所写的诗,里面有实际生活的内容,并通过描写古代贫士来勉励自己,不同之处在于苏诗对陶渊明所谓的“贫”来进行评论感悟,其独特之处在于强调适意,更多地体现了苏轼的达观。在对待生死的态度方面,两者都比较达观,不同的是苏轼追求解脱更彻底,在超越生死、超脱世俗上有更高的思想成就。在语言风格方面,两者都追求平淡自然,但是苏轼的旷达情怀使诗歌风格更加富有深意,是陶苏风格的结合体。在诗歌主题内涵方面,二者都表达了安贫乐道、固穷守志的精神理念,不同的是苏轼强调安贫固穷的同时,常常追求一种“适”。人生遭遇的相似和对儒释道思想的融合是两者相同性与差异性的主要原因。

关键词:苏轼;《和陶咏贫士》;陶渊明;《咏贫士》

Su Shi’s Responsory of Singing of Poor Scholars

In Comparison With the the Original Poems by Tao Yuanming

Abstract: Su Shi’s Responsory of Singing of Poor Scholars and the original works of Tao in terms of content, both are in extreme poverty when wrote poems, there is a real life content, and by describing ancient lean to encourage myself, reform the difference is that of Tao Yuanming, the so-called "poor" to make comments on comprehension, is unique in its emphasis on favourable, more embodies the resilience of Su Shi.in terms of attitude toward life and death, both more resilience, different is more complete, Su Shi pursued moksha has higher on beyond life and death, detached secular thoughts accomplishment.Both in terms of language style, the pursuit of is natural, but Su Shi in life feelings make poetry style richer meaning, is the combination of Tao Yuanming and Su Shi style.in terms of poem theme, both expressed eagerness, solid poor keep volunteer spirit idea, different at the same time, Su Shi's emphasis on poverty in poor Ann often pursue a "proper". Life encounter similar and the fusion of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism is a major cause of both similarities and differences.

Key Words:Su Shi; Responsory of Singing of Poor Scholars; Tao Yuanming; Singing of Poor Scholars

目 录

摘  要1

Abstract1

一、苏轼《和陶咏贫士》与陶诗原作内容之异同2

二、苏轼《和陶咏贫士》与陶诗原作对待生死态度之异同4

三、苏轼《和陶咏贫士》与陶诗原作语言风格之异同5

四、苏轼《和陶咏贫士》与陶诗原作主题内涵之异同6

五、苏轼《和陶咏贫士》与陶诗原作异同之原因7

(一)人生遭遇相似7

(二)对儒道释思想的融合7

参考文献9

致谢10

苏轼和陶《咏贫士》与陶诗原作之比较

“饱吃惠州饭,细和渊明诗。彭泽千载人,东坡百世士。出处虽不同,风味乃相似。”[1]黄庭坚精确地揭示出陶渊明和苏轼隔代的神交关系。苏轼一生仕宦,在晚年时期非常崇拜陶渊明,流放的岁月里总是都携带《陶渊明集》,可以这样说,陶渊明的诗质、人品以及处世哲学都得到了苏轼的高度赞同,并且以陶作为学习的对象,全面而又深入地了解并体会。苏轼在对陶的这种沟通、意会的过程中实现了两位诗人的相互交融,即:我即渊明,渊明即我也[2],在融会中又产生出新的飞跃,因而,苏非陶,陶亦非苏。由此产生的成果便是苏轼的一百二十四首《和陶诗》,除了《和陶饮酒》是在扬州写的,其余所有的作品是苏轼晚年在遭贬惠州、儋州期间写成,这也是他人生体验非常丰富,艺术风格极其成熟的阶段。作为宋代众多大文豪其中之一的苏轼一生创作了两千七百多首诗,其中《和陶诗》虽然只占总诗数的二十分之一,但是由苏轼亲力亲为编纂而成,并且托付其弟苏辙为诗作序,由此可以看出苏对《和陶诗》的重视程度。本文将具体从《咏贫士》出发,来探讨苏轼诗和陶与陶诗原作的异同并尽量探讨其原因。