Abstract:Jude the Obscure is the last novel by British writer Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) and is also his most controversial work. The book, by describing the dual misfortune of the protagonist Jude’s career and love, criticizes the unreasonable bourgeois education system, the unreasonable marriage system, and the backward religious and moral concepts in the middle and late Victorian period. It also conducts an in-depth analysis of the weaknesses of ordinary people. The book reflects ordinary people’s spiritual pursuit through depicting the protagonist’s tragic life. It also makes a profound discussion of marriage, religion, and the relationship between the sexes, which is of great practical significance.

This thesis focuses on the analysis of Jude’s short tragic life and explores the causes of his tragedy. The thesis is pided into four parts. The first part briefly introduces Hardy’s life and his tragic theory, the main content of the novel Jude the Obscure and the research background at home and abroad. The second part shows the tragedies of Jude throughout his life. The third part discusses the causes of Jude’s tragic life, and deeply analyzes the causes of tragedy from the aspects of the social environment and the characters’ personalities. The fourth part summarizes the thesis and analyzes the practical significance of the book.

Keywords: Thomas Hardy; Jude the Obscure; tragedy

《无名的裘德》中裘德的悲剧命运分析

摘  要:《无名的裘德》是英国作家托马斯·哈代（1840-1928）最后一部小说，也是他最受争议的作品。该书通过叙述主人公裘德事业与爱情的双重不幸，批判了维多利亚中后期资产阶级不合理的教育制度、婚姻制度和落后的宗教、道德观念，同时也对小人物的软弱性进行了深入剖析。该书通过对主人公裘德悲剧人生的描写，反映了普通民众的精神追求，深刻探讨了婚姻、宗教、两性关系，有很大的现实意义。

本论文着重分析裘德短暂的悲剧人生，探讨悲剧的成因。全文分为四个部分。第一部分简要介绍哈代的生平及其悲剧观、小说《无名的裘德》的主要内容和国内外研究现状。第二部分展示了裘德一生中所遭遇的种种悲剧。第三部分探讨了裘德悲剧命运的成因，从社会环境、人物性格等方面对悲剧成因进行了深入分析。第四部分总结全文并分析了作品的现实意义。

关键字：托马斯·哈代；《无名的裘德》；悲剧

Contents

1. Introduction 1

1.1 An Introduction to the Author Thomas Hardy 1

1.2 An Introduction to the Novel Jude the Obscure 1

1.3 Literature Review 2

2. Analysis of the Tragic Fate of Jude 5

2.1 Aborted Career 5

2.1.1 Suspension of Study 5

2.1.2 A Slave to Love 5

2.2 Struggling in Love and Study 6

2.2.1 No-admittance to College 6

2.2.2 Fruitless Courtship 6

2.3 Loss of Hope and Lonely Death 7

2.3.1 Unfinished Ambition 7

2.3.2 Betrayal of Lover 7

3. Causes of Jude’s Tragic Fate 9

3.1 Social Background 9

3.1.1 Victorian Marriage System 9

3.1.2 Unreasonable Educational System 10

3.1.3 Religious Oppression on Men 10

3.2 Jude’s Deficiency in Personality 11

3.2.1 Pursuit of Sensual Pleasure for the Sake of Spiritual Request 12

3.2.2 Pessimistic View of Life 12

3.3 Other People’s Influence 13

3.3.1 Arabella’s Trick 13

3.3.2 Sue’s Change and Betrayal 13

3.3.3 Effects of Father Time 14

4. Conclusion 15

References 16

1. Introduction

1.1 An Introduction to the Author Thomas Hardy

Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), is a well-known British novelist and poet of the Victorian Age. Hardy was born in Dorset, a southern county of England, which he called Wessex in his books. It was in Dorchester that he received early education and apprenticed himself to an architect at 16. In 1862, Hardy went to London and was enrolled as a student at King’s College and joined Arthur Bloomfield’s practice as an assistant architect. He studied engineering and literature, philosophy, and theology, and accumulated profound accomplishment and wealth for his literary creation in the future. He studied in London for several years, while he never felt at home in London. On the contrary, he realized the class pision and his social inferiority. This experience also impressed Hardy’s writing. In Hardy’s work, he often took the Wessex country as the background rather than the city and the main characters in his novels are often ordinary people.