Abstract：Thomas Hardy is a famous English critical realist writer in the nineteenth century. He was born in a southern country of England where he called Wessex in his novels. Works in his early period are Wessex novels which depicts the characters and environment of his hometown. Tess of the D’Urbervilles is one of the best novels among them. The novel tells a tragic life of a poor country girl. Scholars from domestic and foreign countries have done many research on this novel. From my point of view, there are several reasons accounting for Tess’ s tragedy but it is the author’s fatalism that determines Tess’ s tragedy. This thesis paper consists of introduction, three chapters and conclusion. The introduction part makes a brief introduction to the author, works and Wessex novels. Chapter one introduces the influence of social change on Tess’ s fate which mainly describes the miserable life of farmers in countryside for the invasion of capitalism. The second chapter mainly discusses the influence of  Tess’ s character on the development of her destiny. She is a rebel of the feudal decadent morality, however, to a certain extent, she is confined by old moral values. The third chapter mainly discusses the role of fatalism in the development of Tess’ s destiny, and Tess’ s tragedy is inevitable. The conclusion of this paper points out that Tess’ s tragedy is inevitable, and the author’s fatalism lays the tragic atmosphere. This thesis paper is intended to analyze Thomas Hardy’ s fatalism from the study of the tragic fate of Tess which makes it possible for readers to appreciate Tess’ s tragedy from a new aspect.

Key Words: Tess of the D'Urbervilles     fatalism     personality     tragic fate

摘  要：托马斯·哈代是19世纪英国著名的批判现实主义作家。他出生在英国南部的一个乡村，在他的小说中，他把它叫做威赛克斯。他的早期作品也被称为威赛克斯小说，这一部分作品主要讲述了性格与环境的联系，也被称为性格与环境小说。《德伯家的苔丝》是其中杰出的代表。作品讲述了一个贫苦的乡村女孩悲惨的一生。苔丝的悲剧命运是小说发展的主线。苔丝悲剧性命运的成因一直是学者研究的对象。国内外学者对此做了大量研究。我认为社会变革和性格是造成苔丝悲剧的原因之一，但是作者的宿命论决定了苔丝的命运。纵观全文，作者的宿命论在全文多处体现，尤其是在有关人物命运发展的关键时刻。本论文将从探讨苔丝悲剧性命运的成因的角度分析作者的宿命观。本论文包括引言、三章内容和结论。引言部分对作者、作品和威赛克斯小说进行了简介。第一章介绍了社会变革对苔丝命运的影响。主要阐述了资本主义的入侵下，农村宗法制遭到破坏，农民颠沛流离的悲惨生活。第二章主要阐述了苔丝的性格对其命运发展的影响。她既是封建腐朽道德的反抗者，又在她一定程度受到封建道德的影响并以此评判自己。第三章主要阐述了宿命论在苔丝命运发展中的作用。苔丝的悲剧是不可避免的。作者通过一系列的偶然、巧合等一步步将人物引入悲剧的命运。本文的结论指出，苔丝的悲剧是不可避免的。作者的宿命论奠定了悲剧的氛围。

关键词：德伯家的苔丝    性格     悲剧命运     宿命论

CONTENTS

Abstract-Ⅰ

摘要Ⅱ

CONTENTSⅢ

INTRODUCTION6

CHAPTER ONE

Social tragedy -9

1.1 Social tragedy is the social root of Tess’ s tragedy.

CHAPTER TWO

Character tragedy-12

2.1 The fact that character decides fate is the necessarily of Tess’ s  tragedy.

CHAPTER THREE

Fatalism 15

3.1 Fatalism lays the tragic tone.

CONCLUSION16

WORKS CITED17

Analysis on Thomas Hardy’ s Fatalism from the Tragic Fate of Tess