In translation science, one of the most contradictory question is that what is translation standard? According to Nida, good translation is a translation, which is equivalent to the sourse text, in other words, translator has to produce a response in a reader in a today’s culture to make the response of the “original” receptors. (Nida and Taber 202). From this statement we can see that translation has to be equivalent to original text. Compare to other theortics, Wilss predominantly use the term “intuition” rather than accepted norms of translation to find an equivalent option to the original.  Wilss says that translator stand outside of accepted translation methods and intuit aspect of the text. According to Wilss, despite rational and systematic approach to translation, intuition influence on translator’s solutions. He suggests that often the unontrolled, unconsious, and intuitive judgements are perhaps more important than the cognitive, controlled, and rational choices. (Gentzler 67)

Translation is a difficult and many-sided human activity which creates new relations in the present. By Skopostheory, translation is a specific kind of activity, which has its communication goal. Translation should be appropriate to the situation,

purpose and function, which is applied by translators needs. The functionalist

approach allows the translator the flexibility to decide which approach would work better in the given situation (Genzler 71).

Translation process considered as language replacing, but in fact, it is confronting different cultures, personalities, different ways of thinking, genres of literature, traditions ect. Translation is an interdisciplinary science which is associated with disciplines such as: linguistics, modern language studies, comparative literature, cultural studies, philosophy, sociology, history and creative writing. In addition, specialized translation courses have an element of disciplines such as law, politics, medicine, science, information technology etc. Translation studies encompassing various branches of knowledge. James S. Holmes proposed the model, which shows what branches translation studies covers. This framework was presented by translation scholar Gideon Toury (Figure 1.1)

According to Holme’s “map” of translation studies, it is pided into two parts – “pure” branches study the theoretical frameworks of translation studies and “applied” branches concern applications to the practice of translation.    

Traditional concept that languages play the main role in translation process has scientific support. The leading place in contemporary translation study belongs to linguistic theories of translation. It should be noted that translation science bridged many difficulties before including this science into branch of linguistic in recent times. Nevertheless, until today, most of fundamental linguistic works have not even mention about translation as object of linguistic investigation. Thus, term “translation” can be defined as activity is that variously expressing, switching the text from one language to another and which is accomplished by translator. Under various sources of languages, by influence of translator’s inpiduality, type, purpose of translation and text, translator chooses the most appropriate interpretation for the text. Pellat notice that “Translators decide, on their own, on the basis of the best evidence they have been able to gather, what the most effective strategy is tobring a text across in a certain culture at a certain time” (Lefevere 11).

Among translation groups, literary translation needs much more creativity, than, for example informative translation – it has less terminology, standardized grammar

pattern as technical text has, “the writer not dealing with life or death situations like

doctor or lawyer” (Pellat 141). Translator has to use different figures of speech to affect the reader as original author does. In literary translation, language has widely