Attempts to prove the difficulties and countermeasures for this phenomenon have been made, so that a pseudo-descriptive list of existing difficulties might be declared for the readers and translators of such expressions. Meanwhile, some prescribed categories of strategies and solutions to deal with these problems have already been mentioned by Mona Baker in “Equivalence above word level” (1992 68) which is about idiom translation difficulties and strategy classification. The two categories and the sub categories of this study attempt to provide some guidelines for the readers and the translators in the process of translating idioms. Some practical examples of English and Turkish (Azerbaijan) and some Persian text will be throughout the whole paper. At last, it analyzes the meaning and connotations of some idioms and puts forward the possible ways to solve these problems which mainly put forward by Beck (1992) in her book In Other Words--A Coursebook on Translation. Some other experimental results kept by some translators and scholars are used for reference. In addition, some suggestions on the translation of idioms given by Peter Newmark (1988), Fernando (1996) and Gottlieb (1997) will be considered.

II. The Introduction of Idioms

2.1 The Significance of Idioms

Language is the carrier of human culture. Idiom is a very important phenomenon and the essence of language. Idioms play an important role in human communication, which is a significant part of language. It’s well-known that idioms are created during people’s daily lives and they are a natural consequence of the practice and experience of the life of the working people. Cultural information is embedded in a large number of idioms. Therefore, it can be say that phrases are of great cultural significance. The various idioms are found in language is an evidence that language is flexible.

In addition, the idioms are also of great historical significance. People of different ages tend to take advantage of different idiom. They are regarded as not only a gem of languages but also are the crystallization of human wisdom. They are the best mirror of nationality language; they therefore always contain rich culture and ethnic flavor. Idioms are colorful and meaningful so languages in the world are beautiful and various. For example, If there is no animal idioms as “timid as a rabbit”, “raining cats and dogs”, and so on, our language will become dull and boring. With the evolution of history and culture, many idioms not only become closely related to the daily lives of human beings, but also have a great impact on our survival and development. Under the condition that some of idioms often contain enough incisive philosophical and theoretical information, they can be applied to a wider range, and have become an important part of modern English, such idioms as “to make a clean sweep of something”, “to hit the nail on the head”, and so forth.

2.2 The Formulation of Idioms

According to Webster's New World American Idioms Handbook (2003), idioms are the result of long-term use of language, and gradually formed its own characteristics, including region, national origin, figurativeness, religion, integrity and consistency.

China is an agricultural country; its economy is dominated by farming, so cattle, mountains, hills, soil and plants are often used metaphorically, like “be as steady as Mount Tai”, “spend money like soil”. Meanwhile, Britain is an island country; their fisheries are greatly developed, so fish and water is usually used for metaphor. Such idioms as “the best fish swim near the bottom”, “spend money like water” and so on. People in different areas have different ways to express the same ideas. For example “spend money like soil” and “spending money like water”, express the same meaning.

Since idiom not set the words together to form a meaning that cannot be understand literally, it can be difficult to make foreigners to understand them. The meaning of short sentences of two or more words cannot be literally predicted from its constituent parts, such as “He’s pushing up daisies” and “he is dead and buried” meaning unit (Heinemann 344). In other words, idioms are language-independent fixed portion. Because some idioms are from different historical allusions and events, we have to understand and translate them as a whole. For example, “the loss of a person’s head” does not mean that someone has lost his head, but the meaning is “panic”; “to jump off the page”, does not mean someone quickly leave the page, but refers to a extraordinarily talented smart people. Above proverbs as be described must be understood as a whole and cannot be free to separate them.