摘    要

离婚诉讼中的虚假债务问题一直是往年来难以解决的问题。笔者通过对2013至2017年5年来存在虚假债务的离婚案件的司法现状进行统计分析，发现证据审查问题主要集中在法官缺乏统一的判断标准、证据真实性审查不足、举证责任分配不合理上，并针对问题提出了完善证据审查制度应加强法官的证据审查职权及职责、注意证据真实性审查、举证责任规则的完善等三方面的建议。

False debt have become one of the tricky issues in porce proceedings in recent years. The author conducts a statistical analysis of the judicial status of porce cases over five years from 2013 to 2017, finding that problems with the evidence review are mainly reflected as lack of judgment standards for the judges, inadequate review of evidence authenticity and unreasonable distribution of the burden of proof. Concerning the above problems, suggestions to improve the evidence review system, including strengthening the evidence review responsibility of the judge, reviewing the evidence authenticity, and improving the regulations on the burden of proof, are proposed.

关键词：虚假债务； 夫妻共同债务； 证据审查

Keyword: False debt； Common debt of husband and wife； Evidence review

目    录

引言­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 4

一、虚假债务概述­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 4

（一）虚假债务产生的背景­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 4

（二）虚假债务表现的特点­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 4

二、我国存在虚假债务的离婚案件司法现状­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 4

（一）案件数量呈下降趋势­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 4

（二）案件目的多为财产性利益­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 5

（三）案件类型多为侵害配偶权益­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 6

（四）案件多因证据不足不予认定­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 6

三、裁判文书中所反映的证据审查问题­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 7

（一）法官缺乏统一的判断标准­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 7

（二）证据真实性审查不足­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 7

（三）举证责任分配不合理­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 8

四、证据审查制度的完善­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 9

（一）法官应合理对待证据审查职权及职责­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 9

1、善用证据审查职权­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 9

2、恪守证据审查职责­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 9

（二）谨慎审查证据真实性­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 10

1、加强审查夫妻举债一方与债权人的关系­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 10

2、着重审查债权凭证真实性­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 10

（三）完善举证责任规则­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 11