摘  要：在社会转型和城镇化进程的背景下，农村留守老人的数量不断增加，他们的养老问题成为社会关注的重点。首先，本研究主要通过调查问卷法了解山东省临沂市兰陵县S村的留守老人的生活现状，调查问卷共发放135份，回收有效问卷132份。然后分析现阶段农村留守老人所面临的养老问题，主要从经济供养、生活照顾、精神赡养、医疗保障等方面进行分析，发现农村留守老人的养老问题包括：子女经济供养存在不稳定性；劳动负担较重，部分老人缺乏照料；精神文化生活空虚，缺乏精神慰藉；看病就医条件较差，医疗缺乏保障等。其次从自身养老观念方面、家庭养老方面、社区养老方面、政府保障制度方面研究农村留守老人养老问题产生的原因，主要包括：自身传统养老观念导致对社会养老方式的偏见；家庭结构变化及子女外流、孝道观念衰弱；农村经济发展落后、养老设施不完善；农村养老保障制度存在漏洞、相关法律不完善。最后依据问题和原因提出相应的对策和建议。

关键词：留守老人；农村养老；问题与对策

A study on the Endowment of the Elderly in Rural Areas--a Case of S Village in Linyi, Shandong Province

Abstract： Under the background of social transformation and urbanization, the number of elderly left-behind in rural areas is increasing, and their endowment problem becomes the focus of social attention. First of all, this study mainly through the questionnaire method to understand the life of the elderly living in the village of Linyi in Shandong Province, a total of 135 questionnaires were issued and 132 valid questionnaires were collected. Then analyzes the current rural left-behind elderly people facing the problem of pension, mainly from the economic support, life care, mental support, medical security and other aspects of the analysis, found that the elderly people in rural areas of old-age pension problems include: children's economic support instability; Lack of spiritual comfort, poor medical conditions, lack of health care, etc. Secondly, the paper studies the causes of the old-age pension problem in rural areas from the perspective of the concept of the old-age pension, the family pension, the Community endowment, and the government security system, mainly including: the traditional old-age concept leads to the prejudice to the social endowment mode, the family structure change and the children The pension facilities are imperfect and the rural old-age security system is flawed and relevant laws are imperfect. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward according to the problems and reasons.

Key Words: Left-behind elderly；  Rural endowment；  Problems and countermeasures

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目录.........Ⅲ

一、绪论 1

（一）研究背景 1

（二）国内外研究现状 1

（三）概念界定与理论基础 4

（四）研究方法 5

二、兰陵县S村留守老人养老问题 8

（一）经济供养方面 8

（二）生活照顾方面 10

（三）精神赡养方面 12

（四）医疗保障方面 13

三、农村留守老人养老问题存在的原因 15

（一）自身传统养老观念导致对社会养老方式的偏见 15

（二）家庭养老功能衰弱 15

（三）社区养老作用不到位 16

（四）政府的农村养老保障机制不完善 17

四、农村留守老人养老问题的对策及建议 18

（一）转变传统养老观念，提高新型养老方式的接受度 18

（二）加强孝道观念宣传，加强家庭养老的功能 18

（三）加快农村经济发展，充分发挥农村社区养老功能 19

（四）完善农村养老机制，充分保障留守老人合法权益 19

参考文献 21

附 录 23

一  绪论