摘要： 在中国人口老龄化程度日益加重的情况下，解决老年人口的物质生活需求不再是摆在政府和学者们面前的唯一问题。随着社会的转型，文化的开放，原本就较为弱势的老年群体在这种变化中更容易主观心态失衡。因此，促进老年人的精神生活的满足也成了需要密切关注的老年人口问题。

同时在全球化的大背景下，宗教作为一种精神文化现象逐渐融入中国社会。表面上，它是人们对于超自然、超人类神秘力量的崇拜，并以此为教条来指导行为方式和思维方式。本质上，它是一种典型的信仰意识形态，是人们信仰本能的一个着力点，是从古至今人类精神文化历史中不可忽视的一部分。

我们必须重视在中国近年来持续上涨的宗教信仰人数，以及在这其中，老年人占了多数的社会现象。

本文从社会学和宗教学的交叉点出发，分别选取了在中国宗教中较为代表性的佛教和基督教为例，深入研究信仰宗教的老年人的精神生活状况，探究他们选择信仰宗教的动机，分析宗教是如何影响这些老年宗教信仰者，并在此基础中以小见大，延伸到整个宗教信仰领域，思考和探讨宗教如何在解决老年精神问题方面体现自身的社会价值。

关键词： 宗教信仰；老年人；精神生活

Analysis of spiritual life of Chinese elderly under religious belief

Abstract:Under the increasingly serious aging situation in China, resolving the problem of the material life of the elderly population is no longer the only problem that worries the government and scholars. With the transformation of society and the opening up of culture, the relatively disadvantaged old-age groups are likely to be subjectively unbalanced in this change. How to meet the needs of the elderly people's spiritual life has become the focus of the current resolution of the elderly issue.

At the same time, under the background of globalization, religion, as a spiritual and cultural phenomenon, has gradually merged into Chinese society. On the surface, it is the worship of supernatural and superhuman mystical powers, and it is used as a dogma to guide the way of behavior and thinking. In essence, it is a typical belief ideology, a focus of people’s belief in instinct, and a part of the human spiritual and cultural history that can not be ignored from ancient times to the present.

We must pay attention to the rising number of religious believers in China, and the social phenomenon that the elderly occupy the majority.

Starting from the intersection of sociology and religion, this paper takes the example of Buddhism and Christianity, which is more representative in Chinese religion. It deeply studies the spiritual life of religious seniors and explores the reasons why they chose to believe in religion. This paper analyze how religion affects these older believers, and based on this foundation, it extends to the whole religious belief field and discusses how religion reflects its social value in solving spiritual problems for the elderly.

Keywords: Religious Belief; Old People; Spiritual Life

目录

摘要 i

Abstract i

目录 iii

1 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 选题意义 2

1.3 文献综述 2

1.3.1 宗教方面的综述 2

1.3.2 精神需求方面的综述 3

1.4 相关概念界定 3

1.4.1 宗教信仰 3

1.4.2 精神生活 4

1.4.3 综述 4

1.5 相关理论：理性二分法 4

1.6 本文的研究方法和数据来源 5

1.6.1 文献研究法 5

1.6.2 社会调查法 5

2 当代佛教及基督教老年信徒的生活状况 6

2.1 佛教老年信徒的生活状况 7

2.2 基督教老年信徒的生活状况 7

3 老年人信教的动机 9

3.1 老年人信教的工具性动机 9

3.1.1 身体状况 9

3.1.2 经济水平 9

3.1.3 社会尊重 10

3.2 价值性动机 10