摘要：南京话有五个声调，包括普通话所没有的以声门塞音为韵尾的入声韵音节，单元音的 入声韵在南京话语内又有其相对应的舒声韵开音节。本文选择南京话里单元音相同的入声 韵和舒声韵开音节（不包含舒声韵鼻韵母）进行声学比较，主要比较这两类音节的元音时 长和共振峰数据。本次实验招募了 18 名被试，用实验专用录音机和麦克风在声学隔音棚里 对其进行录音，用 Praat 语音学软件进行声学测量，声学数据包括元音部分的时长、第一、 第二和第三共振峰的峰值等参数，并用四套重复度量的方差分析对声学数据进行统计学分 析。

结果表明，入声音节在时长上依旧是最短的。入声的第一共振峰、第二共振峰与舒声 相比普遍较高，显示出喉塞尾的影响。本研究为南京话母语者的普通话正音方法提供参考， 可为南京话的声学建模提供基础数据，在语音信息工程领域和汉语语言教学领域具有一定 的应用价值。

关键词 南京话 入声韵 开音节元音 时长 共振峰

Title Acoustic Comparisons on Vowels of Checked and Open Syllables in Nanjing Dialect

Abstract：There are five tones in Nanjing Dialect, including one entering tone with a syllable-final glottal stop, which cannot be found in Beijing Mandarin. Each checked syllable normally corresponds to an open syllable with the same vowel but different tones. This study mainly focuses on the acoustic comparisons on the two kinds of syllables to discuss the acoustic  discrepancies between checked and open syllables in Nanjing Dialect, specifically vowel  duration  and formant structure. Eighteen native Nanjing speakers participated in this experiment. The experiment was conducted by a set of professional recorder and microphone in a sound-attenuated booth. Speech production data were analyzed by  Praat;  the acoustic parameters include duration, the first formant (F1), the second formant (F2), and the third formant (F3) of the vowels. The statistical data were analyzed by four sets of repeated measures ANOVA corresponding to vowel duration, F1, F2, and F3.

The result of vowel duration indicates that the entering tone is still the shortest among five tones. The relatively higher F1 and F2 in entering tones suggest the effect of glottal stop coda on vowel quality. This study may provide advice on learning and teaching Standard Mandarin Chinese for Nanjing natives, and provide some basic reference data for speech technology in Nanjing Dialect.

Keywords  Nanjing  Dialect  checked syllable  open syllable  vowel  duration   formant structure

Table of Content

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Research Background 1

1.2 Literature Review 1

1.3 Significance and Research Questions 4

1.4 Structure of the Thesis 4

2 Methods 5

2.1 Participants 5

2.2 Stimuli 5

2.3 Recording 6

2.4 Analysis 6

3 Results 8

3.1 Vowel Duration 8

3.2 Formant Structure 11

3.2.1 F1 11

3.2.2 F2 13

3.2.3 F3 16

4 Discussion 20

Conclusion 23

Acknowledgments 24

References 25

1 Introduction

1.1 Research Background

As an important linguistic branch, phonetics has long been favored by western linguists, but it is not until recent days does phonetics become popular in China. Phonetic sciences involve a host of other subjects, such as acoustics, computer science and statistics. Nowadays, phoneticians use experimental apparatus and computer software to record and analyze the world’s language.

China, with large territory and population, has hundreds of thousands of local dialects across the country. Linguists mainly identify seven dialect zones, namely Northern, Wu, Gan, Xiang, Min, Yue, and Kejia, each having a distinctive sound system but sharing one written form. However, the seven dialects are not mutual intelligible. Thus they are seven languages from linguistic point of view. While Standard Mandarin is the official language in China, local dialects also play their significant roles in people’s life. Therefore, more and more researches focus on the study of different dialects, especially those widely spoken dialects.