摘要:湖冰是气候变化的记录器和指示器。湖冰对区域的物理、化学和生物学过程有着重要的影响。湖冰的持续时间控制着季节的湖泊生态系统的热量平衡，从而影响湖泊的蒸散发以及水生生态系统的生产率。至今，许多学者主要通过冰芯，树木年轮，湖泊沉积等，这些方法都反映了气候在长时间的大规模变化研究区域气候变化。湖的冰面上是季节性的，可以既大规模和小规模的气候变化做出反应。每年，湖面冰层，冷冻消融时间的条件是气候变化的冬季气温变化既有良好的指标。很多冰川在近20年全球和区域气候变化影响下发生了面积变小，融化的的冰雪流入到了开都河径流。这种现象起到了开都河的连年冰水中的重要作用。 相比海拔低的中型和小面积的冰川融化，冰片的减薄雪线增加时，冰和雪储量降低，冰川温度增加。 敏感度开始下降，冰川融水补给可能降低，融水补给的影响所带来的气候变暖将减少，最终影响博斯腾湖的流入量。通过目视解译可以判断博斯腾湖在1995年11月3日前后开始结冰，到1995年12月15日完全封冻，封冻期延续到3月18日；2006年11月18前后开始结冰，到12月30日完全封冻，封冻时间持续3月9日；2016年11月25开始结冰，2017年1月8日完全封冻，封冻期持续到3月5日，到4月10日完全消融。从1995年到2016年21年时间里相对开始结冰时间推迟22天左右，开始封冻时间延迟24天左右，开始解冻日期提前13天，完全解冻时间提早10天左右；1995年到2017年封冻持续时间缩短38天，平均每年缩短1.8d。随着气候的变暖，和人为因素博斯腾湖冰面积处在相对下降的趋势。

关键词：博斯腾湖；Landsat数据；目视解译；湖冰范围；气候变化

Abstract:Lake ice is a recorder and indicator of climate change. Lake ice has an important influence on the physical, Chemical and biological processes. Duration of lake ice controls the seasonal lake ecosystems heat balance, which affects the evapotranspiration of the lake and the productivity of the aquatic ecosystem (Bonsal B R et al. 2006). For a long time, many scholars have studied regional Climate change, mainly through ice cores, tree rings, lake sediments. These methods all reflect large-scale changes in climate over a long period of time. The lake ice is seasonal and can both respond to large-scale and small-scale climate changes. Annual lake ice cover conditions, A good indicator of freezing and ablation time is climate change, as well as indicators of temperature changes in winter.Some glaciers have retreated under the impact of global and regional climate change in the past 20 years. The retreating ice and snow have directly supplied the Kaidu River runoff. This has played an important role in the Kaidu River’s successive years of ice water, and it is relatively low-lying mid- and small glaciers. Withdrawing, the thinning snowline on the ice sheet rises, ice and snow reserves decrease, the sensitivity of glaciers to rising temperatures begins to decrease, the amount of meltwater recharge may decrease, and the meltwater recharging effect brought by climate warming will weaken, eventually affecting. Inflow supplies to Bosten Lake. Through visual interpretation, it can be determined that Bosten Lake began to freeze around November 3, 1995 and was completely frozen on December 15, 1995. The freezing period lasted until March 18, and it began to freeze around November 18, 2006. Fully frozen on December 30, frozen for March 9; frozen on November 25, 2016 and completely frozen on January 8, 2017, and the freezing period lasts until March 5 and completes on April 10. From the period of 1995 to 2016, the relative freezing time was delayed by about 22 days, the freezing time was delayed by about 24 days, the thawing date was 13 days ahead of schedule, the total thawing time was about 10 days earlier, and the freezing period lasted from 1995 to 2017. The time is shortened by 38 days and the average annual reduction is 1.8 days. With the climate warming, and the human factor Bosten Lake ice area is in a relatively downward trend.