摘 要:《屋顶丽人》是多丽丝.莱辛用简单的语言描写复杂的人类情感和微妙的人物关系的经典之作，本文通过文献法对其主要人物进行分析，以期能够更加深刻的理解故事的意义。首先，本文从弗洛伊德所阐述的人格结构中的本我、自我与超我的三个层次，分析了三位男主人公的性格特点；其次本文从女性主义思想出发，探讨了女主人公身上所体现的女性主义。最后，本文在二元对立的理论指导下对故事中的男性与女性，梦想与现实，以及工人阶级和中产阶级做了深入的比较分析。因此，本文是以一种全新的视角来诠释这个故事，更好地鉴赏这篇小说。

关键字：《屋顶丽人》；男人;女人

Abstract:A Woman on A Roof which is the classic work of Doris Lessing describes the intricate human relationship and subtle feelings among four main characters through simple language. In order to get a deeper understanding of this story, this paper adopts close-reading method and comparative analysis method to analyze the main characters in this story. First of all, it analyzes three male characters under the theory of human psyche by Freud. Next, it analyzes the character of woman from the perspective of feminism. Finally, this paper makes a deep comparative analysis under the guidance of binary opposition theory. The relationship between man and woman, the upper class and the middle class, the dream and the reality is comprehensively analyzed in this part. Therefore, this paper gives a new horizon in understanding this story which can help us appreciate this novel in a better way.

Key words: A Woman on A Roof; the man; the woman

Contents

摘要 i

Abstract ii

I.Introduction 1

II. Analysis of the Men in A Woman on A Roof Under Human Psyche Theory 2

2.1 Introduction to the Human Psyche Theory 2

2.2 Tom － Id 3

2.3 Stanley － Ego 4

2.4 Harry － Superego 5

2.5 Conclusion 6

III. Analysis of the Woman in A Woman on A Roof Under the Theory of Feminism 6

3.1 Introduction to the Feminism 6

3.2 The Analysis of the Woman 7

3.3 Conclusion 9

IV. Comparative Analysis of the Main Characters in A Woman on A Roof Under Binary Opposition Theory 9

4.1 Introduction to Binary Opposition Theory 9

4.2 The Comparison Between Woman and Man 10

4.3 The Comparison Between Dream and Reality 11

4.4 The Comparison Among Classes 12

4.5 Conclusion 13

V.Conclusion 14

Bibliography 16

Acknowledgements 17

An Analysis of the Main Characters in A Woman on A Roof

I.Introduction

Doris Lessing( October 22, 1919 － November 17, 2013）is the auther of A Woman on A Roof. She died on November 17, 2013 at the age of 94 years old. Lessing is known as the greatest female writer and she is the most prolific English writer who enjoys a worldwide reputation in the literary world. Her pseudonym name is Jane Some and her representative work is The Golden Notebook.

Lessing has been nominated by the Nobel Prize of literature several times. The British government honored Lessing with a great female writer on November 17, 2013. Lessing was awarded the Nobel Royal Literature by Swedish Sciences Academy and the Nobel Committee for that epics of the female experience, who with sceptical fire and visionary power has subjected a pided civilisation to scrutiny on October 11, 2007 (Xie 205).    

Doris Lessing was an “evergreen tree” in the British literature and Nobel Laureate. Her productions were in different styles, especially in the affection aspect. She used to work on the extraordinary quality about female in her writing, exploring the fate of heroine. She was not only exquisite in showing women’s thoughts and psychological changes, but also good at explore the essence form its appearance. So that she used to reveal psychology changing of characters. She particularly concerned the female’s feelings and thoughts. The main characters suffer painful experience in her novels and they face the biggest obstacle from emotional aspects, especially in the romantic love story. During her later works, she has described a heroine Freeman Anna in The Golden Notebook, the woman left an impression on her. In fact, people could find that the hero and the heroine have similar characters in her works. As Lessing has written in the preface of the Golden Notebook, “the woman and man have also reflected each other” (Lessing 10).