摘要：为合理给出中小学生踩踏事故防控对策，就往年校园踩踏事故进行整理分析，得出近年来校园踩踏事故的时间、地点、起因、伤亡情况及伤亡群体你的共性。并对上海、四川及江西地区部分中小学投放有关中小学生安全疏散相关问卷，并对问卷结果整理。结合以上两部分，为该教学楼的疏散模拟提供理部分思路。BuildingExodus软件的疏散模拟中，拟定三套方案对该教学楼进行疏散模拟，分别研究不同情景、不同人员比例以及不同地点、不同大小的障碍物对教学楼内人员疏散的影响。最终结合往年校园踩踏事故的整理、有关中小学生校园疏散的问卷调研和计算机软件的模拟结果，提出中小学生校园踩踏事故防控对策。

关键词：中小学生；校园安全；踩踏防控；疏散模拟；buildingEXODUS

Research on Prevention and Control Countermeasures of Safety Evacuation and Stampede Accidents for Elementary and Middle School Students

Abstract: In order to provide reasonable prevention and control measures for the stamping accidents of primary and middle school students, we analyzed and analyzed the stampede accidents in previous years, and found the time, location, causes, casualties, and commonness of the casualties in the campus stamping accidents in recent years. Investigate the results of questionnaires related to safe evacuation of elementary and middle school students in some schools in Shanghai, Sichuan and Jiangxi. Combine the above two parts to provide some ideas for the evacuation simulation of the teaching building. In the evacuation simulation of BuildingExodus software, three sets of plans were developed to simulate the evacuation of the teaching building.And study the influence of different scenarios, different personnel ratios, and obstacles of different locations and sizes on the evacuation of people in the teaching building. Finally, combining the results of the school's stampede accidents in the past, questionnaires on campus evacuation of primary and middle school students, and the simulation results of computer software, the prevention and control countermeasures for school-walking accidents in primary and middle school students were proposed.

KeyWords: primary and secondary school students；campus safety； tread on prevention and control；evacuation simulation；buildingEXODUS

目录

1 绪论 1

1.1 踩踏事故 1

1.2 校园踩踏国内外研究现状 1

1.3 人员疏散国内外研究现状 6

1.4 本文研究内容 7

1.5 本文章节安排 7

2 往年校园踩踏事故的研究 7

2.1 事故时间 8

2.2 事故地点 9

2.3 事故起因 10

2.4 事故群体 10

2.5 事故伤亡情况 11

3 问卷调查 12

3.1 基础设施 12

3.2 应急疏散 14

3.3 安全教育 15

3.4 学生疏散行为 15

3.5 本章小结 16

4 软件模拟 16

4.1 软件介绍 16

4.2 建筑概况 16

4.3 情景模拟 18

4.3.1人员参数的设定 19

4.3.2实验数据 19

4.3.3疏散过程研究 24

4.3.4情景模式小结 25

4.4 障碍物对疏散的影响 26

4.4.1楼梯口处设置障碍物 27

4.4.2走廊处设置障碍物 28

4.5 不同人员比例模拟 29

5 校园踩踏防控对策 30

5.1 基础设施 31

5.2 相关法规的建设 31

5.3 学校相关管理 31

5.3.1安全教育 31

5.3.2时间节点管理 32

5.3.3应急预案 32

6 结论 32

致谢 34

参考文献 35

1 绪论

1.1 踩踏事故

踩踏事故是指在人群密度较大的环境中，由于人流惯性及人群中各种相互作用力，人流混乱而无法得到有效控制，突然出现有人跌倒，进而导致人群堆叠现象，被压在下面的人员身体无法活动，呼吸受阻，轻者会出现局部充血，骨折等现象，重者可能由于机械窒息而导致死亡的事故。作为校园危机的一种，踩踏事故在事先未预警的情况下发生，直接威胁学校正常的教育教学秩序并带来严重后果[1]。