摘要:目的  了解目前中国居民对膳食知识、行为、态度情况并探讨其影响因素，为干预我国居民膳食知识和健康关系提供依据，加强我国居民的健康教育，维护和促进我国居民健康。方法  利用办公软件EXCEL对2011年中国健康与营养调查18岁及以上成人数据库中有关膳食知识与行为调查问卷中的数据进行提炼，运用SPSS20.0应用统计软件对数据进行描述性分析、对比分析、相关性分析等统计分析方法。结果  在调查的10281名中国居民中，仅有2803人（27.3%）知晓中国居民膳食宝塔或膳食指南，知晓情况在居住地分布、教育水平、高血压、高血糖上差异有统计学意义（p<0.05）；膳食知识掌握得分高低与居住地情况、教育水平、BMI情况、高血糖、饮料及含糖的果汁饮料偏好、中国居民对健康生活态度上差异均有统计学意义（p<0.05）；其中影响因素最大的是低文化人群以及居住地分布情况，其OR值分别为OR=0.623、OR=0.725。  结论  目前中国居民对中国居民膳食宝塔或中国居民膳食指南知晓率较低，且对健康饮食概念尚未普及。膳食知识对中国居民健康饮食及健康膳食态度有指导意义，应加强膳食知识的宣传教育。

关键词：中国居民； 膳食知识； 影响因素； 健康

Abstract: Objective To understand the current situation of Chinese residents on dietary knowledge, behaviors and attitudes, and explore the influencing factors, provide basis for interfering in the dietary knowledge and health relationships among Chinese residents, strengthen the health education of Chinese residents, and maintain and promote the health of our residents. Methods Using office software EXCEL to refine data from the Questionnaire on Dietary Knowledge and Behavior in the Adult Database of Age 18 and Above in the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey, using SPSS 20.0 application statistics software to perform data Statistical Analysis. Results    Of the 10,281 Chinese residents surveyed, only 2,803 (27.3%) were aware of Chinese residents' dietary pagodas or dietary guidelines. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of residence, educational level, hypertension, and hyperglycemia (p<0.05). There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between dietary knowledge mastery scores and living conditions, education level, BMI status, high blood sugar, soft drinks and sugary juice beverage preferences, and Chinese residents’ attitude towards healthy life; The most significant factor is the distribution of low-cultural populations and residences. The OR values are OR=0.623 and OR=0.725, respectively. Conclusion At present, Chinese residents have low awareness of dietary guidelines for Chinese residents' dietary pagodas or Chinese residents, and the concept of healthy diets has not yet been popularized. Dietary knowledge has guiding significance for Chinese residents' healthy eating and healthy dietary attitudes, and the publicity and education of dietary knowledge should be strengthened.

Keyword: Chinese Residents; Dietary Knowledge; Influencing Factors; Health

目录

1.前言 1

2.资料与方法 2

2.1研究对象 2

2.2研究方法 2

2.3分析方法 3

3. 调查结果 3

3.1调查对象基本信息 3

3.2中国居民膳食知识掌握的基本情况 4

3.2.1中国居民膳食宝塔或中国居民膳食指南知晓情况 4

3.2.2中国居民对膳食知识掌握情况 5

3.2.3不同特征人群与膳食知识分组分析 6

3.2.4膳食知识影响因素的多因素二元Logistic回归 9

3.3中国居民膳食行为偏好情况及软饮料及含糖的果汁饮料的消费 9

3.3.1中国居民对食品偏好 9

3.3.2软饮料及含糖的果汁饮料偏好与饮用频率相关性分析 10

3.3.3膳食知识得分情况与软饮料及含糖的果汁饮料偏好及其饮用频率 10