摘要：目的：通过调查上海市老人社区医疗服务的需求以及对其影响因素进行分析，进而发现在目前上海市社区医疗服务中所存在的问题，并且提出建议，以便完善社区医疗服务，满足老年人的医疗需求，提高老年人的健康水平。方法：采用文献研究法明确研究现状和相关概念。通过访谈法和问卷调查法对社区老年人进行调查，有效问卷调查了87位老人，包括个人基本情况以及社区医疗服务相关信息，使用二元logistic回归对其需求的影响因素进行分析。结果：27.6%的老人选择保健讲座，24.1%的老人选择上门诊疗和18.4%的老人选择康复保健项目作为他们最需要的服务项目。就诊距离对保健讲座的需求呈负相关,年龄对上门诊疗的需求呈正相关,年龄对康复保健项目的需求呈负相关。结论：为了满足老年人的需求，提出以下针对性措施：广泛开展社区医疗服务的宣传讲座，提高社区卫生服务中心的医护人员专业水平和设备条件，从需求出发，提供多方面服务，例如上门巡诊、多种康复保健项目等服务。

关键词： 老人； 社区医疗服务； 需求

Study on the Demand of Community Medical Services for the Elderly in Shanghai

Abstract：Goal: Through the investigation of the demand of community medical services for the elderly in Shanghai and the analysis of the influence factors, the problems are found in the current community medical services in Shanghai. Then suggestions and measures are further proposed to improve the community medical services so as to meet the demand of the elderly, and to improve the health of the elderly. Methods: The literature research method is used to clarify the research status and related concepts. Questionnaire surveys and interviews were used to investigate elderly people in the community. 87 elderly people were effectively surveyed and the factors that influence the demand were analyzed using binary logistic regression. At the same time, 87 elderly people were surveyed on questionnaires effectively, and the content included personal basic information and related information on community medical services. Result: 27.6% of elderly people chose health care lectures, 24.1% of the elderly chose home medical treatment, and 18.4% of the elderly chose rehabilitation health care projects as their most needed service items. The distance to treatment is negatively related to the demand for health care lectures, age is positively related to the demand for home medical treatment and age is negatively correlated with the demand for rehabilitation care items. Conclusion: In order to meet the needs of the elderly, put forward specific measures: to widely carry out public health lecture of community health services, to improve the medical staff's professional competence and equipment conditions in community health service centers, and to provide services in various aspects, such as home medical treatment, various rehabilitations, etc.

Key Words：The Elderly；Community Medical Services；Demand

目  录

一、引言 1

（一）研究背景 1

（二）研究目的 1

（三）研究意义 1

二、研究方法 2

（一）概念界定 2

1、社区医疗服务的定义 2

2、社区医疗服务的范围 2

（二）文献研究 2

（三）实证研究 2

1、访谈法 2

2、问卷调查法 3

三、研究结果 4

（一）文献研究的结果 4

（二）实证研究的结果 5

1、访谈的结果 5

2、问卷的结果 5

四、讨论 13

五、建议 14

结  论 15

致  谢 16

参考文献 17

一、 引言

(一) 研究背景

随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，人口平均寿命也在不断地提高。2017年上海户籍人口平均期望寿命达到83.37岁（其中女性达到85.85岁，男性则达80.98岁），平均期望寿命持续攀升，与此同时，上海市老龄化程度也在不断加剧。据相关数据显示，截至2017年底，上海户籍60岁及以上老年人口483.60万人，占总人口的33.2％；比上年增加了25.81万人，增长5.6％；占总人口比重增加了1.6个百分点。1如此以来，与之相对应的是老年人口对医疗保险、养老保险、社会保障等方面的需求和要求不断提高。为满足老年人口的需求和要求从而提供并且建设较为完善的基本医疗设施和卫生服务是目前社会共同探讨的课题。老年人退休后主要的活动范围是社区，所以社区医疗机构服务的最主要人群是老年人口，但是实际上社区医疗服务是否能够满足老年人的实际需求是一个值得研究的课题。除了目前存在的基础的医疗服务，老年人还需要哪些社区医疗服务。政府应该如何做出哪些对策以满足老年人的需求。